Diuretics Flashcards
Acts at PCT?
Acetazolamide, mannitol
Acts at thin descending limb?
Mannitol
Acts at thick ascending limb?
Loop
Acts at DCT?
Thiazide
Acts at CT?
K-sparing, ADH antagonists, mannitol
Decreases ICP and IOP?
Mannitol
AEs of mannitol?
Pulmonary edema!!!
Should not be given to CHF pts?
Mannitol
Can be used in drug OD?
Mannitol
Causes NaHCO3 diuresis?
Acetazolamide
Uses for acetazolamide?
Gluacoma, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness
Sulfa drugs?
Acetazolamie, loops, thiazides
Drugs causing acidemia?
Acetazolamide, K-sparing diuretics
Drugs causing alkalemia?
Loops, thiazides
MOA of loops?
Inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransport abolishing hypertonicity of medulla
Drug that causes vasodilation on afferent arteriole due to PGE stimulation?
Loops
What do loops lose?
Ca, Na, K, Cl, H
Uses for loops?
CHF, nephrotic syndrome, HTN, hypercalcemia
AEs of loops?
Ototoxicity, hypokalemia/calcemia, dehydraiton, sulfa allergy, interstitial nephritis, gout
Drug may be used to tx HTN in gout pts or sulfa-allergy pts?
Ethacrynic acid
Phenoxyacetic acid derivative?
Ethacrynic acid
MOA of thiazides?
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption at DCT and decreases Ca excretion (binds Cl site on luminal surface)
Uses for thiazides?
HTN, nephrogenic DI, hypercalciuria
AEs of thiazides?
HyperGLUC, hyponatremia, diabetes
K-sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, eplerenone (the K STAEys)
Uses for K-sparing diuretics?
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s), K depletion, CHF
MOA of K-sparing diuretics?
1) Spironolactone and eplerenone are competitive aldosterone receptor blockers at cortical CT
2) Triamterene and amiloride block Na channels in cortical CT
AEs of K-sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmias), gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects