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repro Flashcards

1
Q

cells responsible for aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens via aromatase

A

granulosa cells

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2
Q

DNA replication and synthesis of enzymes necessary for replication occurs during the

A

G1 phase

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3
Q

androgen binding protein

A

produced by Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules under direction of FSH
- facilitates spermatogenesis by binding to testosterone and concentrating it in the lumen of the tubules

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4
Q

converts testosterone to DHT

A

5 - alpha hydroxylase
- mediates development of external genitalia in males
- deficiency means males with virilization

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5
Q

21- hydroxlyase deficicency

A

virililzation in females not males

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6
Q

CFTR infertility is caused by

A

due to absent vas deferens

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7
Q

Sertoli cells suppress ____

A

female internal organ development by producing anti mullerian hormone

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8
Q

uterine leiomyoma

A

constipation(from fibroid pressure on the colon), pelvic pressure, irregularly enlarged uterus

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9
Q

testicular torsion

A
  • anatomic defect causing increased mobility of the testes
  • acute severe unilateral scrotal pain
  • scrotal edema and discoloration
  • high riding testicle
  • absent cremasteric reflex when stroking the ipsilateral thigh
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10
Q

prostatectomy can cause

A

erectile dysfunction due to accidental damage of the inferior hypogastric plexus

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11
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A
  • peau d orange erythematous rash with dimpling over breast
  • cancerous cells obstructing lymphatic drainage/dermal lymphatic edema
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12
Q

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

A

finasteride, dutasteride
- block conversion of testosterone to DHT
- decrease prostate volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia and relieve bladder outlet obstruction

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13
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Trauma to breast, fibrosis and foamy cell infiltration, lymphocytosis

Fat Fucked up breast Fibrosis

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14
Q

Acute mastitis

A

Milk stasis in breastfeeding women, may be infected with staph aureus; continue breast feeding

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15
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Most common benign breast tumor, cells in staghorn arrangement, size varies with estrogen exposure

FibROADenoma, road is where you find deer/stag

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16
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

Serous/ bloody nipple discharge , usually unilateral, fibrovascular stalk

Duct of sewer (crime scene) that’s stalking victim and made bloody scene that’s serous/serious

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17
Q

Phyllodes tumor

A

Leaf like pattern

ChloroPHYL - in leaves

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18
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Has e cadherin, myoepithelial layer, calcifications

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19
Q

Most common malignant breast tumor

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma

A

Cannonball appearance, big nodule

Cannonball is very invasive

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21
Q

Paget disease of breast

A

-Arises from ductal carcinoma in situ
-Eczematous scaly lesion on breast
- intraepithelial adenocarcinoma
-Paget cells have clear halos (pageant girls wear halo crowns)

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22
Q

prostatectomy can result in

A

erectile dysfunction via loss of inferior hypogastric nerves and pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves

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23
Q

action of LH

A

stimulates the release of testosterone from leydig cells

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24
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

systemic inflammatory response that occurs hours after injection of an antibiotic (ex. penicillin for syphilis) due to rapid lysis of spirochetes

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25
angiomyolipomas are associated with
tuberous sclerosis
26
para-aortic lymph nodes drain from
ovary and testes
27
What throat structure can HPV affect?
True vocal cords
28
bicornate uterus results from
failure of lateral fusion of paramesonephric ducts
29
Ovarian torsion
Twisting of the infundibulopelvic ligament
30
indirect inguinal hernia
failure of obliteration of the process vaginalis leads to a persistent connection between the scrotum and peritoneal cavity
31
prolactin can inhibit
estrogen
32
tamoxifen
selective estrogen receptor modulator, estrogen receptor antagonist in breast but estrogen receptor agonist in endometrium and bone competitive inhibition of estriol binding to its receptor in the breast
33
pulsatile GnRH
infertility, stimulates LH and FSH
34
prostate cancer metastasizes to
the bone
35
prostate adenocarcinoma is sensitive to
androgens 17 alpha hydroxylase inhibitors can decrease production of androgens to help treat it
36
spironolactone and gynecomastia
blockade of testosterone (androgen) and its receptor
37
Epispadias
Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal surface of penis due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle. Hit your Eye when you pEe
38
Hypospadias
More common than epispadias, abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral surface of penis
39
Penile straddle injury
Anterior urethral injury, blood accumulated in scrotum
40
Erection
Parasympathetic nervous system S2-S4
41
Ejaculation
Sympathetic T11-L2
42
secretes testosterone
leading cells
43
nulliparity
increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer
44
pulsatile GnRH infusion
acts to increase FSH and LH - agonsit
45
continuous GnRH infusion
acts as an antagonist to decrease FSH and LH
46
lymph drainage from vagina
distal - inguinofemoral proximal - internal iliac
47
most common type of vulvar cancer
squamous cell carcinoma - ulcerative lesion or plaque on the labia
48
mullerian agenesis
a congenital malformation characterized by a failure of the Müllerian duct to develop, resulting in a missing uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion.
49
no axillary or pubic hair
androgen insensitivity syndrome, absent (atretic) uterus, androgen resistance
50
granulosa cell tumor
increased estrogen, Call Exner bodies (eosinophils)
51
clomiphine
first line medication for ovulation induction in PCOS, blocks hypothalamic estrogen receptors -> increase GnRH -> increase FSH and LH
52
HPV warts
condyloma accumulinata, no central nidus
53
poxvirus
molluscum contagiosum, small firm rounded papule with central umbilication, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in keratinocytes
54
gardnerella vaginosis
over growth of anaerobic, gram variable rod, grayish white vaginal discharge, pH >4.5, clue cells, positive whiff test, tx with metronidizale or clindamycin
55
Responsible for majority of cervical cancers
HPV 16 and 18
56
Mechanism of HPV 16 and 18
Activation of E2F transcription factor
57
adenomyosis
proliferation of endometrial glands within the myometrium, symmetric uterus
58
aromatization of androstenedione to estrdiol
granulosa cells
59
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
high bHcG and AFP
60
ulcerations in syphilis
primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma
61
ulcerations in syphilis
primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma`
62
secondary syphilis
Diffuse rash (palms & soles) Lymphadenopathy (epitrochlear) Condyloma latum Oral lesions Hepatitis

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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