repro Flashcards
cells responsible for aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens via aromatase
granulosa cells
DNA replication and synthesis of enzymes necessary for replication occurs during the
G1 phase
androgen binding protein
produced by Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules under direction of FSH
- facilitates spermatogenesis by binding to testosterone and concentrating it in the lumen of the tubules
converts testosterone to DHT
5 - alpha hydroxylase
- mediates development of external genitalia in males
- deficiency means males with virilization
21- hydroxlyase deficicency
virililzation in females not males
CFTR infertility is caused by
due to absent vas deferens
Sertoli cells suppress ____
female internal organ development by producing anti mullerian hormone
uterine leiomyoma
constipation(from fibroid pressure on the colon), pelvic pressure, irregularly enlarged uterus
testicular torsion
- anatomic defect causing increased mobility of the testes
- acute severe unilateral scrotal pain
- scrotal edema and discoloration
- high riding testicle
- absent cremasteric reflex when stroking the ipsilateral thigh
prostatectomy can cause
erectile dysfunction due to accidental damage of the inferior hypogastric plexus
inflammatory breast cancer
- peau d orange erythematous rash with dimpling over breast
- cancerous cells obstructing lymphatic drainage/dermal lymphatic edema
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
finasteride, dutasteride
- block conversion of testosterone to DHT
- decrease prostate volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia and relieve bladder outlet obstruction
Fat necrosis
Trauma to breast, fibrosis and foamy cell infiltration, lymphocytosis
Fat Fucked up breast Fibrosis
Acute mastitis
Milk stasis in breastfeeding women, may be infected with staph aureus; continue breast feeding
Fibroadenoma
Most common benign breast tumor, cells in staghorn arrangement, size varies with estrogen exposure
FibROADenoma, road is where you find deer/stag
Intraductal papilloma
Serous/ bloody nipple discharge , usually unilateral, fibrovascular stalk
Duct of sewer (crime scene) that’s stalking victim and made bloody scene that’s serous/serious
Phyllodes tumor
Leaf like pattern
ChloroPHYL - in leaves
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Has e cadherin, myoepithelial layer, calcifications
Most common malignant breast tumor
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Cannonball appearance, big nodule
Cannonball is very invasive
Paget disease of breast
-Arises from ductal carcinoma in situ
-Eczematous scaly lesion on breast
- intraepithelial adenocarcinoma
-Paget cells have clear halos (pageant girls wear halo crowns)
prostatectomy can result in
erectile dysfunction via loss of inferior hypogastric nerves and pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves
action of LH
stimulates the release of testosterone from leydig cells
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
systemic inflammatory response that occurs hours after injection of an antibiotic (ex. penicillin for syphilis) due to rapid lysis of spirochetes
angiomyolipomas are associated with
tuberous sclerosis
para-aortic lymph nodes drain from
ovary and testes
What throat structure can HPV affect?
True vocal cords
bicornate uterus results from
failure of lateral fusion of paramesonephric ducts
Ovarian torsion
Twisting of the infundibulopelvic ligament
indirect inguinal hernia
failure of obliteration of the process vaginalis leads to a persistent connection between the scrotum and peritoneal cavity
prolactin can inhibit
estrogen
tamoxifen
selective estrogen receptor modulator, estrogen receptor antagonist in breast but estrogen receptor agonist in endometrium and bone
competitive inhibition of estriol binding to its receptor in the breast
pulsatile GnRH
infertility, stimulates LH and FSH
prostate cancer metastasizes to
the bone
prostate adenocarcinoma is sensitive to
androgens
17 alpha hydroxylase inhibitors can decrease production of androgens to help treat it
spironolactone and gynecomastia
blockade of testosterone (androgen) and its receptor
Epispadias
Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal surface of penis due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle. Hit your Eye when you pEe
Hypospadias
More common than epispadias, abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral surface of penis
Penile straddle injury
Anterior urethral injury, blood accumulated in scrotum
Erection
Parasympathetic nervous system S2-S4
Ejaculation
Sympathetic T11-L2
secretes testosterone
leading cells
nulliparity
increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer
pulsatile GnRH infusion
acts to increase FSH and LH - agonsit
continuous GnRH infusion
acts as an antagonist to decrease FSH and LH
lymph drainage from vagina
distal - inguinofemoral
proximal - internal iliac
most common type of vulvar cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
- ulcerative lesion or plaque on the labia
mullerian agenesis
a congenital malformation characterized by a failure of the Müllerian duct to develop, resulting in a missing uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion.
no axillary or pubic hair
androgen insensitivity syndrome, absent (atretic) uterus, androgen resistance
granulosa cell tumor
increased estrogen, Call Exner bodies (eosinophils)
clomiphine
first line medication for ovulation induction in PCOS, blocks hypothalamic estrogen receptors -> increase GnRH -> increase FSH and LH
HPV warts
condyloma accumulinata, no central nidus
poxvirus
molluscum contagiosum, small firm rounded papule with central umbilication, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in keratinocytes
gardnerella vaginosis
over growth of anaerobic, gram variable rod, grayish white vaginal discharge, pH >4.5, clue cells, positive whiff test, tx with metronidizale or clindamycin
Responsible for majority of cervical cancers
HPV 16 and 18
Mechanism of HPV 16 and 18
Activation of E2F transcription factor
adenomyosis
proliferation of endometrial glands within the myometrium, symmetric uterus
aromatization of androstenedione to estrdiol
granulosa cells
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
high bHcG and AFP
ulcerations in syphilis
primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma
ulcerations in syphilis
primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma`
secondary syphilis
Diffuse rash (palms & soles)
Lymphadenopathy (epitrochlear)
Condyloma latum
Oral lesions
Hepatitis
