immunology uworld Flashcards
where is compliment made
in the liver
where is VDJ recombination
in the bone marrow
Howell jolly bodies
clusters of DNA remnants in splenic patients
target cells
increases surface area to volume ratio
-redundant erythrocyte folding on itself
-thalassemia
-iron deficiency
- splenectomy
erythrocyte production happens where
Young Liver Synthesizes Bone
- yolk sac (3 w)
-liver ( 6 w)
-spleen (10 w)
- bone marrow (18w)
megakaryocytes
synthesize platelets
macrophage activation
interferon gamma
petechiae
low platelets
-thrombocytopenia
-DIC, itp
kupferr cells
macrophage of liver
langerhans cells
macrophage of skin
- tennis racket shaped
multiple myeloma
plasma cell dyscrasia
- amyloid light chain
- bone marrow with >10% plasma cells
platelet plug formation
- endothelial cell damage, transient vasoconstriction
- vwf binds exposed collagen
- platelets bind vwf with Gp1b and platelets do conformational change to release ADP, Ca2+, TXA2, helps platelets adhere to endothelium
- ADP binds to p2y12 via GbIIbIIIa on platelet surface
-aggregation of fibrinogen binds GpIIbIIIa
blanching in burns
mast cells release histamine
most abundant AA in collagen
glycine
iron is absorbed
duodenum and proximal jejunum
macrophage marker
CD14
hyper acute rejection
- minutes to hours
- T cell recognition of graft HLA components
- graft immediately dies, gross mottling and cyanosis
acute transplant rejection
- onset <6 months
- exposure to donor antigen activates cell mediated immunity
- dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates
epo produced in
peritubular interstitial cells
west nile virus
-acute confusion, fever, asymmetric lower extremity paralysis
-transmitted from bird to mosquito
microbes that ferment lactose
grow pink on macconkey agar
-klebsiella
-enterobacter
-serratia
-e coli
klebsiella most commonly seen in
alcoholics, abscess, aspirations
anti mitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cholangitis
anti smooth mm antibodies
autoimmune hepatitis
middle aged women
poisonous mushrooms inhibit
RNA pol II - mRNA synthesis, death cap amantia
tumor lysis syndrome
precipitates in collecting ducts due to low pH
endomysial mononuclear infiltrate
anti tRNA synthetase antibodies (anti jo),
polymyositis
can’t reach over head
muscle biopsy confirms
rash in multiple stages of healing
varicella zoster
anaphylactic reactions
multisystem edema
widespread activation of mast cells and basophil degranulation
increased histamine and tryptase release
Fas ligand
Activation induced t lymphocyte death
Porphyria cutane tarda
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency
Skin erosions and hyperpigmentation due to photosensitivity
Acute intermittent porphyria
PBG deaminase deficiency
Abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric manifestation
Robertsonian translocation
14:21, Down syndrome
Up slanted palpebral fissures
Protruding tongue
Epicanthal folds
Meoitic non disjunction
Low set ears, webbed neck, broad spaced nipples, cardiac abnormalities- bicuspid aortic valve, streak ovaries, amenorrhea
Turner syndrome due to absence of paternally inherited chromosome
Cleft palates, cardiac defects-tetralogy of fallot , micrognanthia
DiGeorge syndrome
What must be known to do PCR
The nucleotide sequence (dna sequence) of the regions flanking the target exon
anti histone antibodies
drug induced lupus
anti centromere antibodies
limited scleroderma
limited scleroderma
CREST
- calcinosis
- raynauds
- esophageal dysmotility
- sclerodactyly
- telangiectasias
anti centromere antibody
anti Rho and La
Sjogrens syndrome
green bruise
heme oxygenase
classic galactosemia
deficiency of galactose-1-uridyl transferase
- vomiting, lethargy, jaundice, e coli sepsis
- switch to soy milk instead of breastmilk
montelukast
antagonism of leukotriene receptor
promoter region
function to initiate translation
promoter region
function to initiate transcription
hyperacute rejection
minutes to hours
- host T cells against HLA
chronic rejection
interstitial fibrosis with scant inflammatory
months to years
aspergilloma
fungus ball within a preexisting cavity
- colonizing
leukocidin
staph aureus secretes leukocidin
brain access with otitis media enters through
mastoid air cells
serum sickness type __ hypersensitivity reaction
3
serum sickeness occurs due to exposure with
monoclonal antibodies (rituximab), vaccines (rabies vaccine), nonhuman protein antitoxins (antivenom)
Responsible for green color of pus in lung
Myeloperoxidase (remember the phagocytic burst)
Coxiella Burnetti
Causes Q fever, myalgias, fatigue, retroorbital eye pain, animal feces
IL 5
Eosinophils activation
scotch tape test
enterobius vermicularis
active infection of strongyloides in stool
rhabditiform larvae
alanine uses _____ to become glutamate
a - ketoglutarate then glutamate then donates its N groups to make urea to be excreted by kidneys
alanine transfers nitrogen to the liver for disposal
Candida antigen skin test
Type 4 hypersensitivity, cd4 and macrophages
BCL 2 drug
increases activation of caspases, poke holes in mitochondrial membrane and release cytochrome c into the environment causing activation of caspases
insulin brings potassium
inside cells, during diabetes
cell surface marker for granulomas
CD14
diffuse scleroderma antibody
anti scl 70
TH1 cells
activate macrophages and CD8 T cells
TH2 cells
activate B cells and promote class switching
IL-12 deficiency
can’t activate TH0 to TH1 this can’t clear bacteria… treat with interferon gamma
cytokines that trigger atopic dermatitis
IL4, IL13 (stimulation of IgE)
microscopy for vibrio cholera
some mucus with no erythrocytes or lymphocytes
monoclonal antibody against HER 2
trastuzumab - tyrosine kinase receptor
shortest half life of the coagulation factors
factor 7
Stimulates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation
Leukotriene b4
rash with mucosal involvement
Steven johnson
fluticasone
apoptosis of tissue eosinophils
binding and removal of circulating IgE
omalizumab
Mumps can cause
Orchitis
graft vs host disease
graft T cell sensitization against host MHC antigens. Skin, liver and GI tract most affected
MHC I is found in
most nucleated cells in the body
Sirolimus
Inhibits mTOR protein kinase. Normal a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation.
what Hb does sickle cell trait have
can’t make HbA at all, so HbS and HbF (if on hydroxyurea)
platelets in von wilibrand disease
normal, they just have impaired platelet aggregation
ITP
thrombocytopenia, normal PT and PTT - peripheral destruction of platelets
- often follows a viral illness
glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
rate limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, can’t convert to 6-phosphogluconate
dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
pellagra
- niacin deficiency
- synthesized by tryptophan
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- major cause of renal insufficiency in kids
- renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
meat that has E coli
undercooked beef
telomerase
ribonucleoprotein that adds TTAGGG sequence
chlamydia
no organisms, intracytoplasmic
cancer commonly associated with EBV
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cytokines in atopic dermatitis
IL4 and IL 13
cytokines in psoriasis
IL 17 and IL 23
parasite in red blood cells
plasmodium and babesia
aedes mosquito
vector for dengue and chikungunya virus
dihydrohodamnine test
tests for phagocytosis
cystic fibrosis is associated with which bacteria
burkholderia,pseudomonas
negative nikolsky sign
bullous pemphigoid
- no mucosal involvement
bacteria if CD4 <200 in HIV
PJP
GGT suggests
liver pathology
HbF contains
gamma globin instead of beta globin the first few months of life
