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p90x uworld > neuro uworld > Flashcards

neuro uworld Flashcards

1
Q

parotid gland tumor

A

causes facial droop since CN 7 passes through parotid

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2
Q

temporal lobe tumor

A

causes pie in the sky by affecting Meyers loop

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3
Q

von hippo lindau

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • loss of tumor suppressor VHL gene of hypoxia inducing factor - hypoxia
  • commonly seen with renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
  • angiomatosis and hemangioblastomas
  • increased intracranial pressure (vomiting, headache, papilladema)
  • located on chromosome 3
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4
Q

pseudocholinesterase deficiency

A

-unable to metabolize succinylcholine
-decreased plasma hydrolysis
-leads to large amounts of drug reaching the neuromuscular junction
-incresed paralysis for hours
- genetic polymorphism

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5
Q

glutamate

A

-long term potentiation of memory and learning “glues memories”
-increases calcium conductance

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6
Q

14-3-3

A

creutzfeld Jakob disease

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7
Q

laryngeal nerve

A

damage causes hoarseness

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8
Q

anterior lobe of the cerebellem

A

mediates unconscious perception

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9
Q

conscious proprioception, two point discrimination, vibration sense is mediated by

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

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10
Q

pain sensation mediated by

A

spinothalamic pathway,

pain, temp, and crude touch

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11
Q

stapedius innervated by

A

CN VII facial

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12
Q

alpha syn nucelein

A

parkinsons disease, with Lewy bodies

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13
Q

degeneration of ___ lobes in Alzheimers disesaes

A

median temporal lobe (memory and emotions - amygdala, hippocampal cortex)

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14
Q

early onset Alzheimers associated with

A

down syndrome

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15
Q

late onset Alzheimers associated with

A

Apo E4

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16
Q

Ach is synthesized in

A

basal nucleus of meynert

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17
Q

ACH is ___ in alzheimers

A

decreased

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18
Q

neuropathology of alzheimers

A

extracellular beta amyloid,
intracellular accumulation of tau proteins

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19
Q

stepwise memory decline

A

vascular dementia

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20
Q

loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra

A

parkinsons disease

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21
Q

Parkinson’s disease neurotransmitters

A

decreased serotonin and dopamine, increased acetylcholine

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22
Q

locus ceruleus secretes

A

norepinephrine, in lateral pons

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23
Q

cranial nerve 3 palsy

A

“down and out”

damage in midbrain

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24
Q

contralateral hemiparesis

A

stroke in internal capsule, arm/leg weakness, facial sparring of upper face

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25
Q

treatment of essential tremor

A

beta blockers

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26
Q

Neurofibromatosis 2

A

Bilateral acoustic neuromas

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27
Q

brain wedge shaped infarcts

A
  • generalized reduction of cerebral profusion in watershed areas
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28
Q

Pinealoma

A

Associated with parinaud syndrome

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29
Q

Ependymoma

A

Associate with perivascular pseudorosettes

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30
Q

Craniopharyngeoma

A

Remnants of rathke pouch

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31
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Homer Wright rosettes

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32
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Rosenthal fibers

On a rose pillow

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33
Q

Oligodedroma

A

Fried egg nucleus, chicken wire capillaries

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34
Q

Optic neuritis associated with

A

Multiple sclerosis- autoimmune respond to oligodendrocytes, reduced saltatory conduction

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35
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist, preserves respiratory drive, sympathetic effects - increase bronchodilation, heart rate and contractility

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36
Q

GABA agonists

A

Propofol and etomidate

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37
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis

A

Commonly herpes encephalitis

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38
Q

disease associated with crazy violent dreams

A

parkinsons - alpha syn nuclein

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39
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Due to stone dislodging in utricle which plbrushes hairs in ear and gives illusion of movement…diagnosis dix hall pike maneuver.. treatment epley maneuver

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40
Q

Pramiprexole

A

Directly stimulates dopamine receptors

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41
Q

CN for salivation

A

9

42
Q

CN taste to posterior tongue

A

9 (drooling over a guy who’s a 9), you don’t drool over a guy who’s a 7

43
Q

CN taste to anterior tongue

A

7

44
Q

duration of Cl- opening

A

barbituates

45
Q

frequency of Cl- opening

A

benzodiazepines

46
Q

huntington disease

A
  • autosomal dominant, exhibits anticipation - expansion of repeats after each generation
  • muscle movement, cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms
  • CAG trinucleotide repeats (CAGe on pixorize) causing mutated Huntington gene on chromosome 4
  • atrophy of caudate, can cause lateral ventricles to grow causing ex vacuo ventriculomegaly
  • decreased GABA
  • increased dopamine
  • decreased acetylcholine
  • treat with tetrabenazine
47
Q

precursor of serotonin

A

tryptophan

48
Q

treat serotonin syndrome

A

cryptoheptidine

49
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

A

Personality and behavior changes due to atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes

50
Q

nerves that pass through jugular foramen

A

9, 10, 12

  • so think swallow reflex, shoulder shrug,
51
Q

naloxone

A

mu opiod receptor antagonist

52
Q

how to reverse benzodiazepine intoxication

A

flumazenil

53
Q

pramipexole

A

directly stimulates dopamine receptors

54
Q

carbidopa

A

increases dopamine precursor availability in the brain by decreasing breakdown in periphery

55
Q

alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A

tremors, agitation, anxiety, delirium, psychosis

56
Q

opioid withdrawal symptoms

A

nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, muscle aches

57
Q

stimulant withdrawal

A

increased appetite, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, severe depression (crash)

58
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus

A

vibration, proprioception, light touch

59
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

pain, temperature, crude touch

60
Q

congenital defect resulting from maternal valproate use

A

neural tube defects

61
Q

sensory innervation to the sole of the foot (plantar)

A

tibial nerve

62
Q

MS can cause bladder symptoms due to

A

loss of central nervous system inhibition of detrusor contraction in the bladder

63
Q

damage to sub thalamic nucleus causes

A

hemiballismus

64
Q

occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

A

results in contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of the face and upper limbs and relative preservation of lower limbs

65
Q

occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery

A

sensory and motor deficits of the contralateral legs

66
Q

tumor at cerebelopontine angle

A

meningioma

67
Q

contralateral complete sensory loss

A

stroke in the thalamus

68
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN 9, 10, 11

69
Q

Retinoblastoma affects which phase of the cell cycle

A

G1/S

70
Q

Causes of anterior horn cell degeneration

A

spinal muscular atrophy or polio virus infection

71
Q

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

loose semicircular canal debris (canalithialisis), diagnose with the dix hallpark maneuver, epley maneuver treats it

72
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

A

Aggregations of phosphorylated tau protein, TDP 43 protein inclusions

73
Q

Chorea, psychiatric symptoms, dementia

A

Huntingtons

74
Q

raphe nucleus

A

synthesizes serotonin

75
Q

locus ceruleus

A

synthesizes norepinephrine

76
Q

brocas area

A

motor speech

77
Q

wernicks area

A

sensory speech (impaired comprehension)

78
Q

berry aneurism burst causes

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage “thunderclap headache”

79
Q

paraventricular nuclei

A

oxytocin

80
Q

supraoptic nuclei

A

ADH

81
Q

superior oblique muscle

A

innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve

82
Q

effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on alzheimers

A

improved cognitive function with no change in disease course

83
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Give dantrolene, antagonizes ryanodine receptors and inhibits calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

84
Q

Cryptoheptidine

A

Treats serotonin syndrome

85
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Trauma to middle meninges artery, lens shaped

86
Q

high frequency hearing loss due to chronic noise exposure affects the

A

organ of corti - has stereo ciliated hair cells

87
Q

schizophrenia may also present with

A

flat affect - positive and negative symptoms

88
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

pain and temperature, crude touch

89
Q

dorsal column

A

pressure, vibration, proprioception, fine touch

90
Q

decussation of spinothalamic tract

A

anterior white commissure

91
Q

JC virus

A

causes progressive multifocal leukeoencephalopathy - ataxia, motor deficits, seizure - areas of demyelination with white matter lesions

92
Q

epidural hematoma

A

biconvex lentiform (half circle), rupture of middle meningeal artery, transient loss of consciousness, can cause expansion and transtentorial herniation due to increased systemic arterial pressure

93
Q

subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins, seen in shaken baby syndrome

94
Q

subarachnoid hemorhhage

A

bleeding due to trauma or rupture of an aneurysm or av malformation. “worst headache of their life”

95
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

injury leads to personality changes, disinhibition, and irritability secondary to the impairment of the behavioral and emotional

96
Q

cranial nerve that does touch to the face

A

5

97
Q

cranial nerve that elevates the soft palate

A

10

98
Q

cranial nerve that causes tear production

A

7

99
Q

cranial nerve that does motor to the face

A

7 (bells palsy)

100
Q

Sensory to medial leg and foot

A

Saphenous nerve

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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