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neuro uworld Flashcards

1
Q

parotid gland tumor

A

causes facial droop since CN 7 passes through parotid

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2
Q

temporal lobe tumor

A

causes pie in the sky by affecting Meyers loop

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3
Q

von hippo lindau

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • loss of tumor suppressor VHL gene of hypoxia inducing factor - hypoxia
  • commonly seen with renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
  • angiomatosis and hemangioblastomas
  • increased intracranial pressure (vomiting, headache, papilladema)
  • located on chromosome 3
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4
Q

pseudocholinesterase deficiency

A

-unable to metabolize succinylcholine
-decreased plasma hydrolysis
-leads to large amounts of drug reaching the neuromuscular junction
-incresed paralysis for hours
- genetic polymorphism

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5
Q

glutamate

A

-long term potentiation of memory and learning “glues memories”
-increases calcium conductance

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6
Q

14-3-3

A

creutzfeld Jakob disease

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7
Q

laryngeal nerve

A

damage causes hoarseness

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8
Q

anterior lobe of the cerebellem

A

mediates unconscious perception

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9
Q

conscious proprioception, two point discrimination, vibration sense is mediated by

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

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10
Q

pain sensation mediated by

A

spinothalamic pathway,

pain, temp, and crude touch

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11
Q

stapedius innervated by

A

CN VII facial

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12
Q

alpha syn nucelein

A

parkinsons disease, with Lewy bodies

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13
Q

degeneration of ___ lobes in Alzheimers disesaes

A

median temporal lobe (memory and emotions - amygdala, hippocampal cortex)

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14
Q

early onset Alzheimers associated with

A

down syndrome

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15
Q

late onset Alzheimers associated with

A

Apo E4

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16
Q

Ach is synthesized in

A

basal nucleus of meynert

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17
Q

ACH is ___ in alzheimers

A

decreased

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18
Q

neuropathology of alzheimers

A

extracellular beta amyloid,
intracellular accumulation of tau proteins

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19
Q

stepwise memory decline

A

vascular dementia

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20
Q

loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra

A

parkinsons disease

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21
Q

Parkinson’s disease neurotransmitters

A

decreased serotonin and dopamine, increased acetylcholine

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22
Q

locus ceruleus secretes

A

norepinephrine, in lateral pons

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23
Q

cranial nerve 3 palsy

A

“down and out”

damage in midbrain

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24
Q

contralateral hemiparesis

A

stroke in internal capsule, arm/leg weakness, facial sparring of upper face

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25
treatment of essential tremor
beta blockers
26
Neurofibromatosis 2
Bilateral acoustic neuromas
27
brain wedge shaped infarcts
- generalized reduction of cerebral profusion in watershed areas
28
Pinealoma
Associated with parinaud syndrome
29
Ependymoma
Associate with perivascular pseudorosettes
30
Craniopharyngeoma
Remnants of rathke pouch
31
Medulloblastoma
Homer Wright rosettes
32
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Rosenthal fibers On a rose pillow
33
Oligodedroma
Fried egg nucleus, chicken wire capillaries
34
Optic neuritis associated with
Multiple sclerosis- autoimmune respond to oligodendrocytes, reduced saltatory conduction
35
Ketamine
NMDA antagonist, preserves respiratory drive, sympathetic effects - increase bronchodilation, heart rate and contractility
36
GABA agonists
Propofol and etomidate
37
Temporal lobe encephalitis
Commonly herpes encephalitis
38
disease associated with crazy violent dreams
parkinsons - alpha syn nuclein
39
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Due to stone dislodging in utricle which plbrushes hairs in ear and gives illusion of movement…diagnosis dix hall pike maneuver.. treatment epley maneuver
40
Pramiprexole
Directly stimulates dopamine receptors
41
CN for salivation
9
42
CN taste to posterior tongue
9 (drooling over a guy who's a 9), you don't drool over a guy who's a 7
43
CN taste to anterior tongue
7
44
duration of Cl- opening
barbituates
45
frequency of Cl- opening
benzodiazepines
46
huntington disease
- autosomal dominant, exhibits anticipation - expansion of repeats after each generation - muscle movement, cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms - CAG trinucleotide repeats (CAGe on pixorize) causing mutated Huntington gene on chromosome 4 - atrophy of caudate, can cause lateral ventricles to grow causing ex vacuo ventriculomegaly - decreased GABA - increased dopamine - decreased acetylcholine - treat with tetrabenazine
47
precursor of serotonin
tryptophan
48
treat serotonin syndrome
cryptoheptidine
49
Frontotemporal dementia
Personality and behavior changes due to atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes
50
nerves that pass through jugular foramen
9, 10, 12 - so think swallow reflex, shoulder shrug,
51
naloxone
mu opiod receptor antagonist
52
how to reverse benzodiazepine intoxication
flumazenil
53
pramipexole
directly stimulates dopamine receptors
54
carbidopa
increases dopamine precursor availability in the brain by decreasing breakdown in periphery
55
alcohol withdrawal symptoms
tremors, agitation, anxiety, delirium, psychosis
56
opioid withdrawal symptoms
nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, muscle aches
57
stimulant withdrawal
increased appetite, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, severe depression (crash)
58
dorsal column medial lemniscus
vibration, proprioception, light touch
59
spinothalamic tract
pain, temperature, crude touch
60
congenital defect resulting from maternal valproate use
neural tube defects
61
sensory innervation to the sole of the foot (plantar)
tibial nerve
62
MS can cause bladder symptoms due to
loss of central nervous system inhibition of detrusor contraction in the bladder
63
damage to sub thalamic nucleus causes
hemiballismus
64
occlusion of the middle cerebral artery
results in contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of the face and upper limbs and relative preservation of lower limbs
65
occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery
sensory and motor deficits of the contralateral legs
66
tumor at cerebelopontine angle
meningioma
67
contralateral complete sensory loss
stroke in the thalamus
68
Jugular foramen
CN 9, 10, 11
69
Retinoblastoma affects which phase of the cell cycle
G1/S
70
Causes of anterior horn cell degeneration
spinal muscular atrophy or polio virus infection
71
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
loose semicircular canal debris (canalithialisis), diagnose with the dix hallpark maneuver, epley maneuver treats it
72
Frontotemporal dementia
Aggregations of phosphorylated tau protein, TDP 43 protein inclusions
73
Chorea, psychiatric symptoms, dementia
Huntingtons
74
raphe nucleus
synthesizes serotonin
75
locus ceruleus
synthesizes norepinephrine
76
brocas area
motor speech
77
wernicks area
sensory speech (impaired comprehension)
78
berry aneurism burst causes
subarachnoid hemorrhage "thunderclap headache"
79
paraventricular nuclei
oxytocin
80
supraoptic nuclei
ADH
81
superior oblique muscle
innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve
82
effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on alzheimers
improved cognitive function with no change in disease course
83
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Give dantrolene, antagonizes ryanodine receptors and inhibits calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
84
Cryptoheptidine
Treats serotonin syndrome
85
Epidural hematoma
Trauma to middle meninges artery, lens shaped
86
high frequency hearing loss due to chronic noise exposure affects the
organ of corti - has stereo ciliated hair cells
87
schizophrenia may also present with
flat affect - positive and negative symptoms
88
spinothalamic tract
pain and temperature, crude touch
89
dorsal column
pressure, vibration, proprioception, fine touch
90
decussation of spinothalamic tract
anterior white commissure
91
JC virus
causes progressive multifocal leukeoencephalopathy - ataxia, motor deficits, seizure - areas of demyelination with white matter lesions
92
epidural hematoma
biconvex lentiform (half circle), rupture of middle meningeal artery, transient loss of consciousness, can cause expansion and transtentorial herniation due to increased systemic arterial pressure
93
subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins, seen in shaken baby syndrome
94
subarachnoid hemorhhage
bleeding due to trauma or rupture of an aneurysm or av malformation. "worst headache of their life"
95
orbitofrontal cortex
injury leads to personality changes, disinhibition, and irritability secondary to the impairment of the behavioral and emotional
96
cranial nerve that does touch to the face
5
97
cranial nerve that elevates the soft palate
10
98
cranial nerve that causes tear production
7
99
cranial nerve that does motor to the face
7 (bells palsy)
100
Sensory to medial leg and foot
Saphenous nerve

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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