MSK uworld Flashcards
myasthenia gravis
episodic, gets worse over time
superior gluteal nerve injury
results in trendelenburg sign, opposite hip is raised
ankylosing spondylits
-up regulation of IL 17 and TNF a
- HLA B27
-inflammatory back and buttock pain
- pain at achilles tendon
-reduced chest expansion and spinal mobility
LAMP
lateral condyle to anterior tibia is ACL
medial condyle to posterior tibia is PCL
rib fracture can cause crepitus
due to penetration of visceral or parietal pleura and air leaking in
osteosarcoma commonly metastasizes to the
lung
spinal stenosis and posture dependent lower extremity pain
degenerative arthritis of the spine due to ligamentum flavum
maintains muscle force
Golgi tendon organ
infraorbital eye fracture
decreased sensation of upper lip, cheek, and gum due to the infraorbital nerve
nerves through superior orbital fissure
3,4,5,7
median nerve
- injury results in pain and numbness in first 3 digits and lateral half of 4th, opposition of thumb and thumb flexion
osteoporosis
decreased bone formation, increased bone resporbtion
most common cancer of bone in children and old adults
osteosarcoma - malignant osteoblasts
increased alk phos, mostly around the knee, but at the metaphysis of long bones, associated with familial retinoblastoma, codman triangle and sunburst pattern on X-ray
lateral ankle sprain
talofibular ligament sprain, pain on inversion
rheumatoid arthritis
joint disruption characterized by synovial hyperplasia (pannus-granulation tissue and fibroblast like synovial cells), inflammatory infiltrate, and synovial angiogenesis
stiffness and fusion of the axial joints, most commonly sacroiliac joint
ankylosing spondylitis
osteoma
benign bony outgrowth associated with Gardner syndrome (colonic polyps).
osteoid osteoma
benign, painful, bony outgrowth with central nidus (looks like a nipple). associated with prostaglandins which make it painful ( “oo” like someone kicks you, and OO looks like a set of boobs). can treat with aspirin
osteoblastoma
benign NONpainful outgrown (no prostaglandins). central nidus (looks like a boob, b for boob)
osteochondroma
most common benign bone tumor
Ewing sarcoma
malignant, in children, onion skinning (ew an onion). associated with 11;22 translocation
osteosarcoma
associated with retinoblastoma, think osteosuncoma - sunburst appearance and conman triangle, can think the sun is RB for really bright to remember retinoblastoma
nerve blocked to repair inguinal hernias
ilioinguinal
ligament injured when pulling on a baby/toddler’s arm when walking
annular ligament
clubbed feet is an example of
deformation
part of the spine involved in rheumatoid arthritis
cervical spine
anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies
rheumatoid arthritis
anti centromere antibodies
CREST syndrome
anti jo
polymyositis
prevents anterior movement of the tibia
ACL
nerve that affects elbow flexion
musculocutaneous
anicosoria
pupil asymmetry
mcardle disease
myophosphorylase deficiency
osteogenesis imperfecta
defect in type 1 collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, blue sclera, small malformed teeth
weakness of arm abduction above 90 degrees
trapezius injury
pseudo gout crystals
- rhomboid, positive birefringence, blue when parallel
- tx colchicine
tyrosine hydroxylase converts
converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor to dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
dopa decarboxylase
DOPA to dopamine
phenylethanolamine n methyltransferase converts
norephineprine to epinephrine
serotonin is made from
tryptophan with tetrahydrobiopterin
Ewing sarcoma genetics
11;22 translocation
desmin is found in
muscle
antibodies against hemidesmosome
bullous pemphigoid
trendelenburg gait
hip drop on contralateral side, due to nerve at superiomedial side of buttocks - to gluteus medius muscle
Fibular fracture
Can’t dorsiflex, affects common peritoneal nerve
muscle that abducts 30-100 degrees of the arm
deltoid
don’t give statins with
fibrates
first line of treatment for gouty arthritis
NAIDS/COX inhibitors
long term risk of proton pump inhibitors PPIs
osteoporosis (because it decreases absorption of dietary calcium since calcium needs to be reabsorbed in an acidic environment).
degenerative pain
relieved with rest
neoplastic pain
doesn’t get better with rest, worse at night
distinguishes between direct and indirect inguinal hernias
inferior epigastric vessels
failure of the process vaginalis to obliterate
indirect inguinal hernia
dermatomyositis
- skin findings - gottron papules and heliotrope rash on the eyelids
- muscle findings - proximal muscle weakness, elevated CK
- anti Jo 1 antibodies
-treat with glucocorticoids
myasthenia gravis
Autoantibodies against the post synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the neuromuscular junction, blocks synapse transmission, muscle weakness gets worse over the day
edrophonium
tests myasthenia gravis , if condition improves, then increase dose of medication
