MSK uworld

Question 1

myasthenia gravis

Answer 1

episodic, gets worse over time

Question 2

superior gluteal nerve injury

Answer 2

results in trendelenburg sign, opposite hip is raised

Question 3

ankylosing spondylits

Answer 3

-up regulation of IL 17 and TNF a
- HLA B27
-inflammatory back and buttock pain
- pain at achilles tendon
-reduced chest expansion and spinal mobility

Question 4

LAMP

Answer 4

lateral condyle to anterior tibia is ACL
medial condyle to posterior tibia is PCL

Question 5

rib fracture can cause crepitus

Answer 5

due to penetration of visceral or parietal pleura and air leaking in

Question 6

osteosarcoma commonly metastasizes to the

Answer 6

lung

Question 7

spinal stenosis and posture dependent lower extremity pain

Answer 7

degenerative arthritis of the spine due to ligamentum flavum

Question 8

maintains muscle force

Answer 8

Golgi tendon organ

Question 9

infraorbital eye fracture

Answer 9

decreased sensation of upper lip, cheek, and gum due to the infraorbital nerve

Question 10

nerves through superior orbital fissure

Answer 10

3,4,5,7

Question 11

median nerve

Answer 11

• injury results in pain and numbness in first 3 digits and lateral half of 4th, opposition of thumb and thumb flexion

Question 12

osteoporosis

Answer 12

decreased bone formation, increased bone resporbtion

Question 13

most common cancer of bone in children and old adults

Answer 13

osteosarcoma - malignant osteoblasts
increased alk phos, mostly around the knee, but at the metaphysis of long bones, associated with familial retinoblastoma, codman triangle and sunburst pattern on X-ray

Question 14

lateral ankle sprain

Answer 14

talofibular ligament sprain, pain on inversion

Question 15

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 15

joint disruption characterized by synovial hyperplasia (pannus-granulation tissue and fibroblast like synovial cells), inflammatory infiltrate, and synovial angiogenesis

Question 16

stiffness and fusion of the axial joints, most commonly sacroiliac joint

Answer 16

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 17

osteoma

Answer 17

benign bony outgrowth associated with Gardner syndrome (colonic polyps).

Question 18

osteoid osteoma

Answer 18

benign, painful, bony outgrowth with central nidus (looks like a nipple). associated with prostaglandins which make it painful ( “oo” like someone kicks you, and OO looks like a set of boobs). can treat with aspirin

Question 19

osteoblastoma

Answer 19

benign NONpainful outgrown (no prostaglandins). central nidus (looks like a boob, b for boob)

Question 20

osteochondroma

Answer 20

most common benign bone tumor

Question 21

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 21

malignant, in children, onion skinning (ew an onion). associated with 11;22 translocation

Question 22

osteosarcoma

Answer 22

associated with retinoblastoma, think osteosuncoma - sunburst appearance and conman triangle, can think the sun is RB for really bright to remember retinoblastoma

Question 23

nerve blocked to repair inguinal hernias

Answer 23

ilioinguinal

Question 24

ligament injured when pulling on a baby/toddler’s arm when walking

Answer 24

annular ligament

Question 25

clubbed feet is an example of

Answer 25

deformation

Question 26

part of the spine involved in rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 26

cervical spine

Question 27

anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies

Answer 27

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

anti centromere antibodies

Answer 28

CREST syndrome

Question 29

anti jo

Answer 29

polymyositis

Question 30

prevents anterior movement of the tibia

Answer 30

ACL

Question 31

nerve that affects elbow flexion

Answer 31

musculocutaneous

Question 32

anicosoria

Answer 32

pupil asymmetry

Question 33

mcardle disease

Answer 33

myophosphorylase deficiency

Question 34

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 34

defect in type 1 collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, blue sclera, small malformed teeth

Question 35

weakness of arm abduction above 90 degrees

Answer 35

trapezius injury

Question 36

pseudo gout crystals

Answer 36

- rhomboid, positive birefringence, blue when parallel - tx colchicine

Question 37

tyrosine hydroxylase converts

Answer 37

converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor to dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 38

dopa decarboxylase

Answer 38

DOPA to dopamine

Question 39

phenylethanolamine n methyltransferase converts

Answer 39

norephineprine to epinephrine

Question 40

serotonin is made from

Answer 40

tryptophan with tetrahydrobiopterin

Question 41

Ewing sarcoma genetics

Answer 41

11;22 translocation

Question 42

desmin is found in

Answer 42

muscle

Question 43

antibodies against hemidesmosome

Answer 43

bullous pemphigoid

Question 44

trendelenburg gait

Answer 44

hip drop on contralateral side, due to nerve at superiomedial side of buttocks - to gluteus medius muscle

Question 45

Fibular fracture

Answer 45

Can’t dorsiflex, affects common peritoneal nerve

Question 46

muscle that abducts 30-100 degrees of the arm

Answer 46

deltoid

Question 47

don't give statins with

Answer 47

fibrates

Question 48

first line of treatment for gouty arthritis

Answer 48

NAIDS/COX inhibitors

Question 49

long term risk of proton pump inhibitors PPIs

Answer 49

osteoporosis (because it decreases absorption of dietary calcium since calcium needs to be reabsorbed in an acidic environment).

Question 50

degenerative pain

Answer 50

relieved with rest

Question 51

neoplastic pain

Answer 51

doesn't get better with rest, worse at night

Question 52

distinguishes between direct and indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 52

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 53

failure of the process vaginalis to obliterate

Answer 53

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 54

dermatomyositis

Answer 54

- skin findings - gottron papules and heliotrope rash on the eyelids - muscle findings - proximal muscle weakness, elevated CK - anti Jo 1 antibodies -treat with glucocorticoids

Question 55

myasthenia gravis

Answer 55

Autoantibodies against the post synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the neuromuscular junction, blocks synapse transmission, muscle weakness gets worse over the day

Question 56

edrophonium

Answer 56

tests myasthenia gravis , if condition improves, then increase dose of medication