cardiac u world Flashcards
aortic regurge
decrescendo diastolic murmur
tertiary syphilis
vasa vasorum endarteritis “tree bark”
speed of heart
park at venture avenue
- purkinje
-atrial muscule
-ventricular muscle
-av node
sarcoidosis
non caseating granulomas
S3
sloshing in, heart failure
S4
a stiff wall - left ventricular hypertrophy (chronic hypertension)
diastolic murmurs
Mitral stenosis
aortic regurge
carotid body
- afferent innervation of glossopharyngeal nerve (9)
- arterial wall stretch as an indicator of blood pressure
- inverse of contractility
cardiac pacemaker cells
mediated by calcium influx __|\_ as opposed to sodium influx by myocytes
__|—\_
VSD murmur
holocystolic murmur over left sternal border
CKMB and troponin release happens by
increased permeability of plasma membrane
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inheritance pattern
Autosomal dominant
pneumothorax effect on the heart
decreases venous return
leads for inferior heart attack
II, III, avF
usually R coronary artery
LAD heart attack leads
V2-V6
coarctation of aorta
increased blood flow through collateral blood vessels
patent ductus areriosus
- leads to LVH from increased blood flow and RVH from increased blood flowing into the pulmonic vein causing increased right ventricular after load
- can eventually cause eisenmeiger syndrome due to pulmonary hypertension
- once pressure is so high in the right heart, blood from pulmonary artery can exit PDA to aorta and cause cyanosis
histology of hamartomas
disorganized mature connective tissue - fat and cartilaginous tissue
Why doesn’t ASD increase the size of the left heart?
Extra blood just goes back out the ASD and causes increase in right heart
ST elevation in Leads I and aVL
Left circumflex artery, lateral limb leads
TTN gene
dilated cardiomyopathy
beta myosin heavy chain defect
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
artery that supplies SA, AV, and bundle of His
Right coronary artery
carotid sinus hypersensitivity
exaggerated vagal response stimulated by carotid baroreceptors which lead to slow heart rate and marked peripheral vasodilation with a resulting transient loss of cerebral perfusion
holosystolic murmur in a baby
VSD
non dihydropyridines
verapamil, diltiazem
dihydropyridines
nifedipine, amlodipine
dihydropyridines act on
smooth muscle
heart conduction from fastest to slowest
park at venture avenue,
purkinje, atrial muscle, ventricles, AV node
(AV node is slowest)
common carotid artery comes from which pharyngeal arch
3
kawasaki disease
CRASH and BURN
conjuncitivitis
rash
adenopathy
strawberry tongue
fever
potential for coronary after aneurysm, children <5, medium vessel vasculitis
MI in leads II, III, and avF
Right coronary artery
when is clopidegril used?
for acute coronary syndrome
decreased intensity of murmur happens during valsava maneuver of what condition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Wet beri beri
- Thiamine deficiency
- peripheral neuropathy
- dilated cardiomyopathy
Dry beri beri
Peripheral neuropathy and thiamine deficiency
head bobbing
aortic regurge
Nitric oxide
Increased cGMP leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
pacemakers are placed in the
atrioventricular groove
age related degeneration of the SA node
sick sinus syndrome, located on the right atrial wall, bradycardia, sinus pauses
dobutamine stress test
can diagnose coronary artery disease if the ejection fraction goes down
severity of mitral stenosis
length of time between S2 and opening snap
around the clock nitrate administration
can result in tolerance, so decrease the doses
side effect of calcium channel blockers
peripheral edema
why does squatting help in children with Tetrology of Fallot?
increases systemic vascular resistance, forces more blood into the RV to pump into the lungs (decreases R to L shunting)
right dominant circulation
supplies both the RV and LV, if just isolated RV infarction with no LV infarction, its left dominant
lipofuscin
yellow brown pigment composed of lysosomal breakdown products of lipid polymers and protein-complex phospholipids. Wear and tear and product of aging
cystic medial degeneration of the aorta
myxomatous degernation with pooling of proteoglycans in the medial layer and intact intimal layer
endurance training causes
eccentric hypertrophy on the heart
during exercise
During exercise, sympathetic nervous system activity increases. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart leads to increased contractility. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system constricts veins. This pushes blood volume stored in the venous system to the heart thereby increasing preload to the left ventricle.
during exercise ___ muscle blood flow increases significantly
During exercise, skeletal muscle blood flow increases significantly
in tamponade
right atrium decreased in size, increased right atrial pressure, increased CVP (back flow from atrium), decreased SV
hydralazine side effect
peripheral edema due to reflex sympathetic activation and stimulation of RAAS
Mean arterial pressure
Diastolic + 1/3(systolic-diastolic)
patent ductus arteriosis
- initially left to right shunt that shunts more blood flow to the lungs -> causes pulmonary hypertension -> eisenmeiger syndrome with reversal to R to L shunt
- shows distal extremity cyanosis
pulsus paradoxus
-drop in systolic blood pressure <10 mmHg during inspiration
- commonly seen in cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis
car accident causes tearing of aorta where?
aortic arch right after BCS
most common cause of aortic stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
evolocumab
binds LDL receptor and prevents it from lysosomal degradation, thus keeping more LDL receptors on the liver surface to bind free LDL in the serum and decrease circulation in the blood
