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p90x uworld > pulmonary > Flashcards

pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

pleural effusion

A

bacterial translocation from alveoli into pleural space

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2
Q

empyema

A

accumulation of pus in pleural space

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3
Q

methemeglobin

A

Fe2+ to Fe3+, unable to bind O2, only ppO2 is normal, causes cyanosis, decreased O2 content of arterial blood, decreased O2 delivery to tissues

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4
Q

CO poisoning

A
  • headache
    -dizziness
  • competitively binds to heme with higher affinity than O2
    -carboxyhemoglobin
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5
Q

tuberculosis

A
  • fever, night sweats, maybe pericarditis but no heart murmur
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6
Q

Legionella

A
  • pneumonia with diarrhea
  • grows on cysteine and iron agar - buffered charcoal yeast
  • confusion, headache
  • treat with macrolide/fluoroquinolones
  • oxidase positive
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7
Q

diaphragm innervation

A

C3-C5, phrenic nerve

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8
Q

most common lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

pancoast tumor

A

at the superior sulcus. Can cause Horner syndrome

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10
Q

Most commonly injured in thoracic procedures

A

Thoracic duct (lymph nodes are on it, could cause pleural effusion, ex lymph node removal)

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11
Q

markers for small cell lung cancer

A
  • chromogramin, synaptophysin, NCAM
  • sheets of small blue cells with scant cytoplasm
  • associated with smoking
  • centrally located
  • neuroendocrine tumor secreting ADH
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12
Q

theophylline intoxication

A

watch for seizures and tachyarrythmias

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13
Q

transudative effusion

A
  • can be caused be heart failure
  • increased hydrostatic pressure causes leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries
  • fluid shoes low protein, low lactate dehydrogenase
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14
Q

exudative effusion

A
  • inflammatory disruption of vascular permeability in lungs
  • fluid shows high protein, high lactate
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15
Q

asthma on histology

A

charchot leyden crystals and kershman spirals

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16
Q

cancer associated with Lambert eaton

A

associated with small cell lung cancer

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17
Q

Pulmonary embolism ____ physiologic dead space

A

Increases

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18
Q

Pulmonary actinimycosis usually caused by

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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19
Q

sarcoidosis

A

hypercalcemia, non caseating granulomas, activated macrophages, hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum

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20
Q

BMPR2 gene

A

Familial pulmonary hypertension - leads to vascular smooth mm hypertrophy

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21
Q

Damage to alveolar capillary interface causing leakage of fluid and hyaline membrane

A

ARDS

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22
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

Decreased pulmonary surfactant

23
Q

Lecithin

A

Higher than sphingoyelin, made of phosphotidle choline

24
Q

Oxygen in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

Causes free radical damage, can cause blindness

25
Q

Most common cause of cancer mortality

A

Lung cancer

26
Q

Keratin pearls with intracellular bridges

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

27
Q

Most common lung tumor in non smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

28
Q

pleural effusion

A

increased hydrostatic pressure and increased rate of fluid flow to the pleural space

29
Q

croup inflammation of the

A

trachea - causes barking cough

30
Q

Traumatic pneumothorax

A

Has crepitus

31
Q

mesothelioma stains positive for

A

cytokeratin

32
Q

Asthma, bronchiectasis, eosinophilia, elevated IgE

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

33
Q

shift of trachea to the right

A

left pneuothorax

34
Q

cilia ends where in the lungs

A

terminal bronchioles

35
Q

positive end expiratory pressure

A

PEEP helps treat ARDS by opening collapsed alveoli to reduce intrapulmonary shunting and increase functional residual capacity

36
Q

leukotrienes

A

vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and bronchospasm

37
Q

stimulates broncodilation via blockade of binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors

A

ipratropium, mostly used in COPD

38
Q

5 lipoxygenase inhibitor that reduces production of leukotrienes

A

Ziluteon

39
Q

ARDS affects which cell type?

A

type 1 pneumocytes

40
Q

COPD

A

increase airway resistance and increased lung compliance

41
Q

Most common mutation if A1AT deficiency

A

PiZ

42
Q

A1AT deficiency also affects the

A

Liver - protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Emphysema does not have

A

Mucus

44
Q

IL 5

A

Eosinophilia

45
Q

Curshman and Charcot Leyden

A

Asthma

46
Q

exudative effusion light criteria

A

bacterial of > 6.0

47
Q

restrictive lung disease

A

everything is down except for ratio

48
Q

used for long term asthma control

A

inhaled corticosteroid - fluticasone

49
Q

harsh systolic ejection murmur that disappears with episodes of cyanosis

A

tetralogy of fallot

50
Q

findings in tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. Right ventricular outflow obstruction
  2. ventricular septal defect
51
Q

septic shock

A

widespread vasodilation leading to decreased SVR, increased cardiac index, decreased CVP (r sided preload)

52
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

decreased cardiac index, increased PCWP, increased CVP(r sided preload), increased SVR, decreased SV02

53
Q

brionchiolitis obliterans

A

progressive scarring of the small airways - can happen in chronic lung transplant rejection. Reduced FEV1, normal FVC

54
Q

failure of primitive foregut to separate from airway

A

esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, can present with polyhydrammios due to inability to swallow fluid; significant drooling, coughing, cyanosis with feeds due to reflux/aspiration of breastmilk into lungs; x ray shows a stomach bubble

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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