embryology

Question 1

neural crest

Answer 1

-schwann cells (Pia and arachnoid matter)
-melanocytes
-tracheal cartilage
-endocardial cushion
-aorticopulmonary septum
-neural ganglia
-skull
-brachial arches
-adrenal medulla

Question 2

neural tube

Answer 2

-brain
-spinal cord
-retina
-posterior pituitary
-pineal gland

Question 3

mesoderm

Answer 3

-muscle
-bone
-serosal linings
-kidney
-ureter
-genitalia
-adrenal cortex
-heart
-lymphatics

Question 4

surface ectoderm

Answer 4

-lens
-oral cavity
-sensory organs of ear
-olfactory epithelium
-anterior pituitary
-papillary
-mammary
-sweat glands
-anus below pectinate line
-skin

Question 5

field defect

Answer 5

initial embryonic disturbance leads to multiple malformations by disrupting the development of adjacent tissues and structures within a particular region
- ex holoprocencephaly

Question 6

neural tube defects

Answer 6

occur when the neural folds fail to fuse in the region of the anterior or posterior neuropores

persistent communication between the spinal canal and amniotic fluid leads to elevated levels of AFP and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that can be detected on amniocentesis

Question 7

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 7

SADPUCKER

suprarenal/adrenal glands
aorta/ivc
duodenum (not first part)
pancreas (head and body)
ureters
colon (ascending and descending)
kidneys
esophagus
rectum

Question 8

cells of the respiratory epithelium, including type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes arise from the

Answer 8

endoderm

Question 9

malformation

Answer 9

defect in organogenesis

Question 10

majority of Down syndrome arises from nondisjunction in

Answer 10

meiosis I