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Epi MT > ReoViruses > Flashcards

ReoViruses Flashcards

1
Q

Reo stands for

A

Resp, enteric & orphan

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2
Q

important reovirus genera

A

orbivirus genus: AHS, Equine encephalosis, BTD
Rotavirus genus: Rotavirus A-J

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3
Q

T/F

Bluetongue is caused by an intraerythrocytic parasite

A

False

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4
Q

whys is it called Blue tongue

A

farmers could observe cyanosis of tongue in clinical cases

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5
Q

which serotype of bluetongue disease caused a devastating outbreak in 2006

A

ST8

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6
Q

BTV is enveloped or not?

A

non-enveloped

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7
Q

How many serotypes of BTV

A

28 (29)

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8
Q

How can we know which serotype of BTV it is

A

with it’s VP2

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9
Q

What are the atypical serotypes

A

BTV-25,26 & 27 (28)

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10
Q

Why are they called atypical serotypes

A
  • non pathogenic
  • direct contact transmission
  • found exclusively in small ruminants
  • unable to grow in culicoides cell lines
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11
Q

Where was BTV-28 found?

A

isolated from contaminated live-attenuated sheeppox and lumpy skin disease vaccines in israel

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12
Q

Is BTV important

A

yes, has a high economical impact

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13
Q

why does BTV have a high economical impact

A

high morbidity and mortality
stillbirths, abortion
decreased BirthW
reduced milk yield & fertility rates
meat losses

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14
Q

vector of BTV

A

BTV spread naturally to susceptible hosts by the bite of blood sucking midges of genus culicoides

biological vector

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15
Q

which culicoides species are responsible for the transmission of BTV

A

C. Oxystoma
C. imicola

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16
Q

Where is BTV found

A

the culicoides vector can survive at 15° so more in southern regions

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17
Q

other possible route of infection other than biological vector of BTV

A

in utero
transplacental infection
venereal transmission through semen

(most important)

also contact/ oral
iatrogenic
mechanical vector

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18
Q

what is the extrinsic incubation

A

incubation inside the vector

4-20 dys (depends on the temperature)

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19
Q

what can be a mechanical vector of BTV

A

sheep ked, tick

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20
Q

BTV outbreaks

A

seasonal, late summer & autumn

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21
Q

how can BTV re-emerge after winter?

A

BTV possibly overwinters transplacentally in infected calves

(kind of persistent viraemia)

viraemia of in utero infected calves differs from prolonged one of adult animal

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22
Q

which domestic animals does BTV infect

A

sheep
goats
cattle
carnivores

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23
Q

Cattle BTV

A

viraemic period longer in cattle than in sheep
cattle is reservoir & amplifying host
usually asymptomatic or sub-clinical
BTV8 severe clinical signs in cattle in 2006

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24
Q

Goats BTV

A

usually asymptomatic or sub-clinical infection
but in 2006 BTV8 : severe clinical signs in goats

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25
Q

BTV pathogenesis

A
  • bite of infected midges
  • skin to local Ln
  • 1st viraemia to secondary organs
  • rep in endothelial cells & mononuclear phagocytic cells of skin
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26
Q

early viraemia of BTV

A

associated with all blood elements

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27
Q

later stages

A

exclusively associated with erythrocytes

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28
Q

virus effect on a cellular aspect

A

very strong affinity to endothelial cells, replication causes apoptosis & necrosis of endothelial cells of small blood vessels in target tissues

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29
Q

BTV cross protection

A

specific neutralising antibodies provide long-lasting protection with homologous serotype only

no cross protection at all

30
Q

clinical forms of BTV

A

from asymptomatic to lethal

30
Q

CS of BTV

A

fever
serous to bloody nasal discharge (mucopurulent)
hyperaemia and oedema of face (monkey face)
oral erosions
cyanosis of tongue
coronitis (lamness)
resp
muscular necrosis

31
Q

cattle BTV CS

A

fever
conjunctivitis
nasal discharges
ulcers in oral mucosa
necrosis in lips, tongue & interdigital skin
neuro signs in calves

coronitis, interdigital disease called “dancing disease”

32
Q

Goat BTV CS

A

mild CS

but severe with BTV8

33
Q

patho of BTV

A

endothelial damage: coagulopathy & haemorrhages
oedema
infarction
heavy muscular degeneration & necrosis
cerebellar hypoplasia
haemorrhagic enteritis in lambs

34
Q

diagnosis of BTV

A

RT qPCR
antibodies: AGID, ELISA

35
Q

BTV DD

A

FMD
sheep pox
IBR
BVD-MD
MCF
panaritium
Vit E & Sel def

36
Q

BTV control

A

mass vaccination (homologous protection)
vector control
restricted zone: 20km
protection zone: 100km
surveillance zone: 150km

NOTIFIABLE

37
Q

Epizootic Haemorrhagic fever which virus

A

Sedoviridae-Orbivirus

38
Q

Which animals does Epizootic haemorrhagic fever infect

A

White tailed deer in the USA

39
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has how many serotypes

A

At least 7

40
Q

Important Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype

A

ST 2- Ibaraki virus, high mortality in cattle in Japan

41
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) vector

A

Mosquito and midges

42
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) control

A

NOTIFIABLE
(Domestic ruminants are also susceptible)

43
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) CS

A

Oedema, swollen head, neck, tongue
Loss of fear in humans
Lethal within 8-36hrs (100% mortality)

44
Q

Differentiation of Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and BTV

A

qPCR

45
Q

African horse sickness occurrence

A

Worldwide

46
Q

African horse sickness causative agent

A

African horse sickness virus, OrbiVirus (9 serotype of diverse virulence)

47
Q

Susceptibility of African horse sickness virus

A

Equids
Rarely: elephant, camel, dog, ferret

48
Q

Epizootiology of African horse sickness

A

Arthropod vectors (midges (biological), mosquitoes(mechanical V), ticks (rarely, more mechanical))
Viraemia: 4-8 days
Shedding : semen, urine,discharges
Inf of carnivores : consumption of horse meat

49
Q

African horse sickness Patho genesis

A

1st rep: lymphatic tissue
Viraemia
Lymph & blood vessel endothel damage
Oedema, haemorrhages
Pulmonary oedema, cardiopathy

50
Q

African horse sickness mortality rate

A

Horse: 70-96!

51
Q

Peracute African horse sickness CS

A

fever, sweating, red conjunctiva
Dyspnoe, foamy nasal discharge
Death within 24hrs

52
Q

Acute form of African horse sickness CS

A

Resp form, death within a week

53
Q

Subacute African horse sickness CS

A

Cardiac, oedematic form
Fever
Oedema “hippo head”
Let oedema neck &chest
Haemorrhage in conjunctiva & ventral aspect of tongue
Death of cardiac dysfunction
If survives oedema disappears within 3-8 dys

54
Q

Mixed form of African horse sickness

A

Milder Resp signs, oedema

55
Q

Chronic form of African horse sickness

A

Recurrent fever (in afternoon)
Mainly donkeys, zebras, immune horses

56
Q

Patho of African horse sickness

A

Pulm. Oedema
Oedema under skin
Haemorrhages

57
Q

Patho of African horse sickness

A

Pulm. Oedema
Oedema under skin
Haemorrhages

58
Q

Diagnosis of African horse sickness

A

notifiable disease - lab D is needed
virus isolation: suckling mouse brain
RT-PCR
ELISA

59
Q

DDx of African horse sickness

A

Equine viral arteritis (typically abortions)
babesiosis
anthrax
Equine infectious anaemia

60
Q

prevention and control of African horse sickness in AHS free countries

A

restriction on equine importation from endemic countries
(permission with 30 dys quarantine, serologie and virologie)
ectoparasitic treatment
dog potential carriers

Notifiable D

61
Q

outbreak control of African horse sickness

A

sanitary prophylaxis
slaughtering animals, insect control
vaccination on safety zone (x2)

62
Q

protection for African horse sickness in endemic countries

A

attenuated, polyvalent vaccines (prod in ,ouse brain or cell culture)
protects for a few years

63
Q

equine encephalosis occurence

A

southern countries of africa, in Israel too

64
Q

equine encephalosis causative agent & vector

A

orbivirus, culicoides vector

65
Q

equine encephalosis pathogenesis

A

similar to AHS
blood vessel damages

66
Q

equine encephalosis CS

A

3-10 dys incubation
asymptomatic mostly
oedema of lips & eyelids
CNS signs (brain oedema)
abortion (first 5-6 months)
enteritis, liver dystrophy

67
Q

equine encephalosis mortality

A

recovery, rarely fatal

68
Q

equine encephalosis prevention & control

A

no vaccine
epi measures

69
Q

equine encephalosis diagnosis

A

PCR to differentiate with AHS
elisa to detect Ab

Epi MT (15 decks)

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