Actinobacillus Flashcards
What is the primary time frame for the onset of Sleeping foal disease?
First days of life
What are some predisposing factors for Sleeping foal disease?
- Poor hygiene
- Improper disinfection of umbilicus
- Nutritional deficiency in mares
- Improper colostrum supply/quality
What is the pathogenesis of Sleeping foal disease?
PO, umbilical, intrauterine blood - septicemia kidney ++ - thromboembolic glomerulonephritis, lung - pneumonia, liver, other organs
What are the clinical signs of Sleeping foal disease?
- Fever
- Depression
- Weakness
- Cannot stand
- Diarrhea
- Lameness
- Reluctance to move
- Nasal discharge
- Labored breathing
- Painful renal region
What does the term ‘sleepy foal’ refer to in the context of clinical signs?
Reluctance to move and weakness
What are the post-mortem lesions associated with Sleeping foal disease?
- Hemorrhages
- Abscesses
- Multifocal suppurative pneumonia
- Thromboembolic glomerulonephritis
What are the key components of the diagnosis for Sleeping foal disease?
- Epi
- Clinical signs
- Post-mortem findings
- Isolation
What are some differential diagnoses for Sleeping foal disease?
Diseases with CNS signs
What treatments are recommended for Sleeping foal disease?
- Antibiotics (penicillin, cefalosporin, tetracycline, florfenicol, fluoroquinolones)
What preventive measures can be taken to avoid Sleeping foal disease?
- Optimal nutrition of pregnant mares
- Hygiene
- Umbilical disinfection
- Adequate colostrum supply
Fill in the blank: Sleeping foal disease can lead to _______ due to septicemia.
Thromboembolic glomerulonephritis
True or False: One of the clinical signs of Sleeping foal disease is diarrhea.
True
What are the main bacterial species associated with PYOSEPTICAEMIA in adult horses?
A. equuli, A. equuli subsp. equuli, A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus
These species are known to cause septicemia in horses.
Which type of horses is predominantly affected by PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
Draught horses
Draught horses are particularly susceptible to this condition.
What are some predisposing factors for PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
Heavy work, exhaustion, mycotoxins, immunosuppression (EHV)
These factors increase the risk of developing septicemia.
What is the effect of endotoxins in the context of PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
Septicemia
Endotoxins lead to systemic effects and can exacerbate the condition.
List some clinical signs of PYOSEPTICAEMIA.
- High fever (40-41°C)
- Ataxia
- Sweating
- Increased respiratory rate
- Increased heart rate
- Nasal discharge
- Mucous membrane hemorrhages
- Head edema (hippo head)
- Abortion
These signs indicate a severe systemic infection.
What pathological findings are associated with PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
- Hemorrhages in mucous membranes
- Enlargement of parenchymal organs
- Abscesses in kidneys
These findings are indicative of severe infection and organ damage.
What is the primary method for diagnosing PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
Isolation
Isolation of the causative agent is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
What are the main treatment options for PYOSEPTICAEMIA?
- Antibiotics (penicillin, cephalexin, streptomycin, TTC)
- Rest
- Eliminate predisposing factors
Treatment focuses on addressing the infection and supporting the horse’s recovery.
Is PYOSEPTICAEMIA zoonotic?
Yes, but rare
While zoonosis is possible, it is not commonly reported.
What are the clinical signs associated with the ‘hippo head’ condition in horses?
Head edema
This sign resembles the mechanism seen in E. Coli infections.
Fill in the blank: The predominant clinical sign of PYOSEPTICAEMIA is _______.
High fever
High fever is one of the most significant indicators of this condition.
