FMD

Question 1

FMD is a TAD which means

Answer 1

Transboundaries Animal Disease

Question 2

FMD spread

Answer 2

acute disease of even toed ungulates
contagious, extremely rapid
(shedding starts 9h after infection)
live animals ( contact, saliva, milk)
environment, contaminated feed, water, people etc

Question 3

FMD occurence

Answer 3

estimated to circulate in 77% of global livestock population in africa, middle east and South America

Question 4

countries free from FMD

Answer 4

North/ central America, Australia, New-Zealand & Japan

Question 5

Sporadic cases of FMD in which countries

Answer 5

Europe, rare outbreaks

Question 6

FMD causative agent

Answer 6

FMD virus, Picornaviridae, aphtovirus genus

Question 7

FMDvirus genotype

Answer 7

ssRNA (very similar to mRNA)

(short replication time)

Question 8

FMDvirus resistance

Answer 8

good resistance
in frozen meat, milk powder for months

Question 9

FMD virus proteins

Answer 9

VP1 : neutralising antibodies

Question 10

FMD virus morphology

Answer 10

capsid (pentamer) protects the genomic RNA oiutside the host cells and helps the attachment to cell surface receptors
thousands of new virus particles produced in a single infected cell within a few hours

Question 11

FMD serotypes

very important !

Answer 11

O: worldwide
A: worldwide
C: rare (extinct)
SAT 1,2 & 3: Africa, Arabia
Asia 1: Asia, turkey, middle East

Question 12

FMD serotype protection

Answer 12

no cross protection

Question 13

FMD susceptibility

Answer 13

even toed ungulates
hedgehog, dog & human

zoonotic

Question 14

FMD main hosts

Answer 14

cattle & buffalo (reservoir)

Question 15

FMD in sheep and goat CS

Answer 15

mild symptoms
sheep: lameness
goat: vesicles in the mouth

Question 16

FMD in Swine

Answer 16

shedding 3000x more than cattle, but shorter period of time

Question 17

FMD long term virus infection

Answer 17

long term virus carriage: tonsils, lymphatic tissue
sheep, goat, cattle : 0,5-3 years
swine & others: few wks

Question 18

FMD dairy cows

Answer 18

shed in milk before CS
may survive pasteurization (lipid components of milk protects virus)

Question 19

FMD pathogenesis

Answer 19

PO/air
1st rep: laryngeal & pharingeal muscles
Viraemia (v weak animal)
Vesicles on mucosa & skin (main lesions)

Question 20

FMD main CS

Answer 20

mouth vesicles:
cattle & goat severe
sheep & swine : mild
- uneven edges, salivation, coinfections
- feet: lameness (loss of hoof)
- wild animals (mild symptoms)

Question 21

FMD CS in calves and dogs

Answer 21

calves, lambs, piglets: myocarditis
dogs : death

patho: pale heart

Question 22

FMD diagnosis

Answer 22

NOTIFIABLE
fever, salivation, vesicules, lameness= suspected

Question 23

how to sample from a FMD suspected animal

Answer 23

1 gram of vesicular wall + fluid, oropharingeal fluid, saliva (swab, probang)
- buffered transport medium (pH: 7.2-7.6)
- refrigerated or on ice (not frozen!)
- submission ASAP (not in mail/post!!!)

Question 24

FMD DDx cattle

Answer 24

cattle: pox, BVD, IBR, bluetongue, malignant catarrhal fever,

Question 25

FMD DDx sheep, goat

Answer 25

sheep, goat: ovine parapox, capripox, bluetongue,

Question 26

FMD DDx swine

Answer 26

swine: SVD, VES, vesicular stomatitis

Question 27

FMD treatment

Answer 27

europe & FMD free countires: no treatment
Endemic regions: hyperimmune serum, clean environment

Question 28

FMD free countries prevention

Answer 28

early reco, culling,
protection zone : 3km
surveillance zones : 10km

Question 29

Prevention of FMD in endemic areas

Answer 29

movement restriction
vaccination

Question 30

FMD cattle vaccination

Answer 30

inactivated, protection for 6-12mths
2x/year then 1x

Question 31

FMD swine vaccination

Answer 31

inactivated, oil adjuvated
protection for 3-6 mths

Question 32

FMD public health

Answer 32

humans moderatly susceptible
seroconversion without clinical signs