FMD Flashcards
FMD is a TAD which means
Transboundaries Animal Disease
FMD spread
acute disease of even toed ungulates
contagious, extremely rapid
(shedding starts 9h after infection)
live animals ( contact, saliva, milk)
environment, contaminated feed, water, people etc
FMD occurence
estimated to circulate in 77% of global livestock population in africa, middle east and South America
countries free from FMD
North/ central America, Australia, New-Zealand & Japan
Sporadic cases of FMD in which countries
Europe, rare outbreaks
FMD causative agent
FMD virus, Picornaviridae, aphtovirus genus
FMDvirus genotype
ssRNA (very similar to mRNA)
(short replication time)
FMDvirus resistance
good resistance
in frozen meat, milk powder for months
FMD virus proteins
VP1 : neutralising antibodies
FMD virus morphology
capsid (pentamer) protects the genomic RNA oiutside the host cells and helps the attachment to cell surface receptors
thousands of new virus particles produced in a single infected cell within a few hours
FMD serotypes
very important !
O: worldwide
A: worldwide
C: rare (extinct)
SAT 1,2 & 3: Africa, Arabia
Asia 1: Asia, turkey, middle East
FMD serotype protection
no cross protection
FMD susceptibility
even toed ungulates
hedgehog, dog & human
zoonotic
FMD main hosts
cattle & buffalo (reservoir)
FMD in sheep and goat CS
mild symptoms
sheep: lameness
goat: vesicles in the mouth
FMD in Swine
shedding 3000x more than cattle, but shorter period of time
FMD long term virus infection
long term virus carriage: tonsils, lymphatic tissue
sheep, goat, cattle : 0,5-3 years
swine & others: few wks
FMD dairy cows
shed in milk before CS
may survive pasteurization (lipid components of milk protects virus)
FMD pathogenesis
PO/air
1st rep: laryngeal & pharingeal muscles
Viraemia (v weak animal)
Vesicles on mucosa & skin (main lesions)
FMD main CS
mouth vesicles:
cattle & goat severe
sheep & swine : mild
- uneven edges, salivation, coinfections
- feet: lameness (loss of hoof)
- wild animals (mild symptoms)
FMD CS in calves and dogs
calves, lambs, piglets: myocarditis
dogs : death
patho: pale heart
FMD diagnosis
NOTIFIABLE
fever, salivation, vesicules, lameness= suspected
how to sample from a FMD suspected animal
1 gram of vesicular wall + fluid, oropharingeal fluid, saliva (swab, probang)
- buffered transport medium (pH: 7.2-7.6)
- refrigerated or on ice (not frozen!)
- submission ASAP (not in mail/post!!!)
FMD DDx cattle
cattle: pox, BVD, IBR, bluetongue, malignant catarrhal fever,
FMD DDx sheep, goat
sheep, goat: ovine parapox, capripox, bluetongue,
FMD DDx swine
swine: SVD, VES, vesicular stomatitis
FMD treatment
europe & FMD free countires: no treatment
Endemic regions: hyperimmune serum, clean environment
FMD free countries prevention
early reco, culling,
protection zone : 3km
surveillance zones : 10km
Prevention of FMD in endemic areas
movement restriction
vaccination
FMD cattle vaccination
inactivated, protection for 6-12mths
2x/year then 1x
FMD swine vaccination
inactivated, oil adjuvated
protection for 3-6 mths
FMD public health
humans moderatly susceptible
seroconversion without clinical signs
