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renal > renal testing > Flashcards

renal testing Flashcards

1
Q

what enzymes/hormones do nephrons secrete (3)

A
  1. hemodynamics regualtors (renine)
  2. EPO
  3. Vitamin D
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2
Q

Measures amt nitrogen in blood in the form of urea

A

BUN

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3
Q

urea is ___by liver and ___by kidneys

A

excreted by liver and removed from blood by kidneys

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4
Q

incr in BUN is?

A

azotemia

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5
Q

the sum of filtration rates in all functioning nephrons

A

GFR

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6
Q

normal amt filtered by glomeruli

A

150-180 liters

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7
Q

Cr is lowest____and highest____

A

in AM; at night

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8
Q

BUN:Cr ratio > 20:1 indicates that problem is where

A

pre renal

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9
Q

BUN:Cr ratio 10-20:1

A

normal or post renal

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10
Q

Bun:Cr ratio

A

renal

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11
Q

as your Cr incr, what happens to your GFR?

A

decr

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12
Q

UTI or citrus fruit can lead to what change in pH in urine

A

incr

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13
Q

dehydration, cranberries can lead to what change in pH in urine

A

decr

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14
Q

normal urine pH

A

4.5-8

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15
Q

when the kidney can’t reabsorb filtered glu in PCT despite normal plasma levels

A

renal glucosuria

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16
Q

low sp gravity can indicate

A
  1. overhydration

2. renal disease

17
Q

high sp gravity can indicate

A

dehydration

18
Q

UA component associated with high false positive rate

A

leukocytes

19
Q

UA component associated with high false negative rate

A

nitrites

20
Q

what can lead to false positives on UA blood (4)

A
  1. alkaline urine
  2. contamination with oxidizing agents
  3. semen
  4. myoglobin
21
Q

if blood is 1-4+ what is f/u?

A

microscopy

22
Q

alb detection that is greater than normal but wouldn’t be detectable on dipstick

A

urine microalbumin

23
Q

urine microalbumin is seen with?

A

DM, HTN

24
Q

typical MA/Creatinine ratio

A

0-30 mg/g

25
Q

if glomerular issue is cause of proteinuris, expect Up:Ucr ratio ____

A

> 3

26
Q

definition of pyuria

A

> 4 WBC/HPF

27
Q

if epithelial cells are detected in casts, then?

A

tubular origin

28
Q

RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

29
Q

WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis

30
Q

fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

31
Q

waxy, broad casts

A

advanced renal failure

32
Q

calcium oxalate crystals + acute renal failure

A

think ethylene glycol poisoning

33
Q

struvite crystals

A

proteus infxns

34
Q

fractional excretion of Na under 1%

A

prerenal disease

35
Q

fractional excretion of Na >2%

A

acute tubular necrosis

36
Q

what is the most common intrinsic cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients?

A

acute tubular necrosis

37
Q

high uric acid with recent chemo

A

tumor lysis syndrome

renal (27 decks)

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