acid base regulation by kidneys

Question 1

typical american diet generates _____mmol H+ per day

Answer 1

50-100

Question 2

elimination of HCO3 in urine is equivalent to?

Answer 2

adding H to the body

Question 3

secretion of H by renal tubule cells in proximal tubule uses?

Answer 3

Na-K ATPase & Na-H antiporter

Question 4

secretion of H by renal tubule cells in distal tubule uses?

Answer 4

ATPase

Question 5

is the proximal or distal tubule stimulated by low pH to insert an ATPase into the luminal membrane?

Answer 5

distal

Question 6

carbonic anhydrase converts ____to___and____

Answer 6

carbonic acid to H20 & CO2

Question 7

net effect of reabsorption of bicarb in proximal tubule

Answer 7

movement of NaHCO2 from filtrate to blood

Question 8

where is bicarb reabsorbed?

Answer 8

proximal tubule + collecting duct

Question 9

proximal tubule uses a ____to reabsorb bicarb, vs collecting duct which uses_____

Answer 9

sodium-bicar symporter; bicarb-Cl antiporter

Question 10

in collecting duct, H+ translocating ATPase is stimulated by?

Answer 10

acid load

Question 11

limiting urine pH

Answer 11

4.4

Question 12

what is the most common non-bicarb urinary buffer?

Answer 12

phosphate

Question 13

for each newly formed H2PO4 excreted in urine, 1 ____is eliminated and one new_____is formed

Answer 13

H+; HCO3

Question 14

most abundant form of titratable acid

Answer 14

H2PO4-

Question 15

glutaminase converts____to____

Answer 15

glutamine to glutamate

Question 16

glutamate is converted to alpha ketoglutarate by_____

Answer 16

glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 17

in state of alkalosis, what type of cells secrete bicarb into tubular lumen

Answer 17

B type intercalated cells

Question 18

normal arterial PCO2

Answer 18

40 Torr

Question 19

normal arterial pH

Answer 19

7.35-7.45

Question 20

arterial bicarb normal is

Answer 20

24 mmol/L

Question 21

how is arterial bicarb normally assessed?

Answer 21

1. calculated

2. measured

Question 22

normal urinary titratable acid

Answer 22

0-20 mmol/day

Question 23

normal ammonium ion

Answer 23

20-40 mEq/day

Question 24

how is anion gap calculated?

Answer 24

plasma Na - (plasma HCO3 + plasma Cl)

Question 25

normal anion gap

Answer 25

8-12 mEq/l

Question 26

a large anion gap would be expected in metabolic alkalosis or acidosid

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis