acid base Flashcards
normal blood pH
7.35-7.45
normal bicarb
25
how to calculate anion gap
Na - (Cl+serum HCO3)
H2CO3 is reflected by the
pCO2 (lungs)
can metabolic acidosis and alkalosis be concurrent?
yes
can respiratory acidosis and alkalosis be concurrent?
NOPE
metabolic alkalosis characterized by what physiological change?
incr bicarb concentration
metabolic acidosis characterized by what physiological change?
decr bicarb concentration
what concentration of HCO3 is primary metabolic alkalosis
> 40 mmol/L
contraction alkalosis is caused by____, but maintained by____
diuretics; hyperaldosteronism
what concentration of HCO3 is primary metabolic acidosis
under 15 mmol/L
what is incr in anion gap caused by?
incr in unmeasured anions
normal anion gap
12 mmol/L
hyperglycemia + high AG metabolic acidosis + ketonemia
DKA
normal serum osmolal gap
10-15 mosm/kg
causes of incr SOG (2)
- methanol intoxication
2. ethylene glycol intoxication
early in ASA intoxication, acid-base unbalance is caused by ______, and later is caused by_____
respiratory alkalosis; high AG metabolic acidosis
high AG metabolic acidosis is caused by____in ASA intoxication
accumulation of organic acids
management of ASA intoxication
bicarb
is serum salicylate concentration >_____, then tx with____
100; hemodialysis
intoxication with what substances are considered dialytic emergencies?
- ASA
- ethylene glycol
- methanol
how to determine if there is appropriate compensation for metabolic acidosis
winter’s formula
if delta ratio under 2, what type of disorder is present?
ONLY metabolic acidosis
what would delta ratio be if both meta acidosis + meta alkalosis present
delta ratio >2
