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renal > renal imaging > Flashcards

renal imaging Flashcards

1
Q

decr in intensity of x-ray beam caused by absorption of photons in tissue

A

attentuation

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2
Q

the change in density of a tissue following admin of IV contrast

A

enhancement

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3
Q

hounsfield unit of -1000

A

air

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4
Q

hounsfield unit of -120

A

fat

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5
Q

hounsfield unit of 0

A

water

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6
Q

hounsfield unit of +40

A

muscle

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7
Q

hounsfield unit of +400

A

bone/Ca

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8
Q

lack of echoes b/c a structure lacks internal acoustic reflectors (ie cysts are black)

A

anechoic or sonolucent

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9
Q

when an ultrasound beam passed thru fluid, the intensity of the sound nrg is not diminished

A

enhanced thru transmission

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10
Q

1st line of imaging test in patients with unexplained hematuria or renal dysfxn

A

U/S

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11
Q

what is the major method of imaging in characterizing cystic and solid renal lesions?

A

CT

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12
Q

the portion of the cortex that forms the base of the lobe is____

A

centrilobular

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13
Q

the portion of the cortex that surrounsd the sides of the medulla is called the ______

A

septal cortex

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14
Q

most kidneys are position b/w the ______lumbar vertebrate

A

1st & 3rd

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15
Q

phrase for the perinephric space bounded by the anterior and psoterior renal fascia

A

gerotas fascia

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16
Q

what radiographic imaging is most sensitive for evaluating flank pain

A

CT

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17
Q

most common cause of flank pain

A

renal stone disease

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18
Q

gold standard for imaging of flank pain

A

non contrast enhanced helical CT

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19
Q

msot direct sign of ureteral calculus?

A

visualization of the calculus of the ureter

20
Q

most common renal mass seen on U/S

A

simple cyst

21
Q

incidental adreanl mass discovered on an imaging study obtained for other reasons

A

incidentaloma

22
Q

most adrenal incidentalomas are benign or malignant

A

benign

23
Q

recommedned f/u for adrenal incidentaloma 3-5 cm

A

surgery vs f/u vs other imaging

24
Q

what are the high risk malignancies for adrenal incidentaloma?

A

breast, lung, melanoma

25
Q

excessive excretion & precipitationg of salts in urine or a lack of inhibiting substances

A

urolithiasis

26
Q

urolithiasis is more common in

A

men, older, non-Af Am

27
Q

rim of tissue around a stone at the impaction site; urethral wall edema

A

soft tissue rim sign

28
Q

what secondary sign has a high positive perdictive value in patient with acute flank pain

A

hydroureter and perinephric stranding

29
Q

most cost effective method of defining and confirming benign cyst

A

U/S

30
Q

CT with HU under 20, no wall enhancement,no calcification of nodularity

A

simple cyst

31
Q

what makes a cyst not simple (7)

A
  1. calcification
  2. hyperattentuation >20 HF units
  3. septations
  4. multiloculated
  5. nodularity
  6. thick wall
  7. enhancement
32
Q

U/S with anechoice, no perceptible wall, enhanced thru transmission

A

simple cyst

33
Q

what class: simple benign cyst with thin walls, no septa or calcifications

A

bosniak category 1 cystic mass

34
Q

what class: benign cystic lesions that may contain thin septa with fine linear calcification in walls

A

bosniak category 2 cystic mass

35
Q

what class: more complex cysts w/ incr #septa, incr calcifcication, thicker, more nodular

A

bosniak category 2F cystic mass

36
Q

what class: indeterminate masses thick irregular walls or septa with large amt of calcifications

A

bosniak category 3 cystic mass

37
Q

what class: malignant cystic masses with thick irregular enhancing walls or septa containing small of large amts of Ca

A

bosniak category 4 cystic mass

38
Q

f/u for bosniak class 1

A

no imaging f/u

39
Q

fu of bosniak category 2

A

if larger than 3 cm then f/u

40
Q

most common solid renal mass

A

renal cell carcinoma

41
Q

____tend to be tumefactive & ____are infiltrative

A

RCC; transitional cancers

42
Q

if you see a solid round mass, what is it until proven otherwise?

A

renal cell carcinoma

43
Q

which carcinomas have epicenters in renal sinus (2)

A
  1. transitional cell carcioma

2. squamous cell carcinoma

44
Q

which carcinomas have epicenters in parenchyma (3)

A
  1. lymphoma
  2. infiltrating RCC
  3. metastases
45
Q

adrenal mass >6 cm is most likely?

A

malignant

46
Q

best test for determining whether incidental adrenal mass is adenoma is?

A

CT with pre & post contrast delayed imaging

renal (27 decks)

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