renal physio

Question 1

renal blood flow is ____of cardiac output

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

plasma in the glomerular capillaries must pass thru (3)

Answer 2

1. capillary endothelium
2. basement membrane
3. bowman’s capsule epithelium

Question 3

incr glomerular permeability to large proteins is the problem indicated in

Answer 3

nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

nephrons that have glomeruli located in the outer cortex and short loop of henle

Answer 4

cortical nephrons

Question 5

nephrons that have glomeruli located deep in cortex and long loop of henle

Answer 5

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 6

which type of nephron has a long loop of henle

Answer 6

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 7

name for the specialized peritubular capillaries surrounding juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 7

vasa recta

Question 8

net filtration pressure is defined by?

Answer 8

1. hydrostatic forces

2. colloid osmotic forces

Question 9

net filtration pressure= ____-____-_____

Answer 9

glomerular hydrostatic pressure-bowman’s capsule pressure-glomerular oncotic pressure

Question 10

most sodium reabsorption happens at what level in the nephron?

Answer 10

proximal tubule

Question 11

most amino acids are reabsorbed at what level?

Answer 11

proximal tubule

Question 12

most glu reabsorbed at what level?

Answer 12

proximal tubule

Question 13

60-70% potassium reabsorbed where?

Answer 13

proximal tubule

Question 14

what percent of K is excreted

Answer 14

12%

Question 15

HCO3 is ____into the tubules and H+ is _____into the tubular lumen

Answer 15

filtered; secreted

Question 16

lumen of proximal tubule is ____osmotic

Answer 16

isoosmotic

Question 17

lumen of thick ascending loop of henle is ____osmotic

Answer 17

hypoosmotic

Question 18

the kidney fxns to form urine that is ____-concentratrated than plasma

Answer 18

more

Question 19

what serves as the counter current exchanger?

Answer 19

vasa recta

Question 20

levels of regulation of reabsorption & secretion (3)

Answer 20

1. local control (auto-reg)
2. hormonal control
3. nervous control

Question 21

method of auto-regulation in kidneys

Answer 21

tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 22

3 mechanisms of renin regulation

Answer 22

1. baroreceptor (pressure in afferent arteriole)
2. beta adrenergic stimulation of renin
3. macula dense (incr NaCl)

Question 23

aldosterone acts on the___

Answer 23

cortical collecting tubules

Question 24

the renal clearance of a substance is the ______that is completely cleared of the substance by the kidney per unit time

Answer 24

completely cleared of the substance

Question 25

what is the best overall index of kidney fxn?

Answer 25

GFR

Question 26

relationship of GFR to renal plasma flow?

Answer 26

GFR = RPF x FF

Question 27

sudden decr in kidney fxn

Answer 27

acute kidney injury

Question 28

AKI that results from kidney hypoperfusion

Answer 28

pre-renal cause

Question 29

AKI that occurs from urinary tract obstruction

Answer 29

post renal cause (ie. stones

Question 30

when do clinical sx manifest in chronic kidney disease

Answer 30

when fxnal nephron is 70-75% below normal