Renal phys

Question 1

two types of nephrons+ percentage

Answer 1

Cortical- 80%
junta medullary - 20%

Question 2

What are the 2 hormones secreted by the kidney

Answer 2

Erythropoietin and renin

Question 3

What are hormones that act of kidney ((5)

Answer 3

ADH
Aldosterone
ANP
1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
parathyroid hormone

Question 4

How much of the cardiac output does the renal system use

Answer 4

20% (1L/min)

Question 5

what is the net force thru the glomerulus after opposing forces

Answer 5

positive net pressure of 10mmhg

Question 6

What are filtered passively by the glomerulus(5)

Answer 6

Na, K, H, Ca, Glucose

Question 7

What is reabsorbed actively by the renal system

Answer 7

Na, K, H, Ca, usea, glucose (by prox convoluted tubule)

Question 8

What is the function of the prox convoluted tubule

Answer 8

resorbtion

-most bicarbonate/phosphate are reabsorbed here
–along w NA, K, Ca

-100% of glucose reabsorbed here

Question 9

What are the parts of the loop of hence and what happens there

Answer 9

thin desending- permeable to water and impermeable to aura (concentrates urine)

thick acesnding part- impermeable to water

Question 10

dista convoluted tubule (+ what acts on it)

Answer 10

is involved in Na, Cl, H20 and Ca reabsorption

(aldosterone acts here to facilitate Na resorbtion)

Question 11

where does 1,25 duhydroxycholecelciforol act on

Answer 11

acts on DCT to facilitate Ca resorption and PO4 secretion

Question 12

Where does ADH act on and what does it do

Answer 12

mainly acts on receptors in the cells of the collecting ducts and increase water permeability which allows more water to be reabsorbed

Question 13

Which hormones does the kidney produce and why

Answer 13

Erythropoietin (by interstitial cells in cortex) in response to hypoxia

Renin (by cells in juxtamerular apparatus) to response in drop in BP

Question 14

how does nephron detect drop in renal blood flow

Answer 14

drop in renal blood flow results in decrease NaCl delivery to the macula densa in the DCT near afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 15

What is released once macula densa reacts to drop in BP

Answer 15

secretes renin from cells of the juxtamerular cells which causes angiotensinogen which is secreted by liver to change to angiotensin I

Angiotensin I converts to angiotensin II by ACE in lungs

Angiotensin II is powerful vasoconstrictor and sims Aldosterone (which takes in NaCl and thus water)

Question 16

What is ADH secrectreted by, what does it act on and do

Answer 16

secreted by supra optic nucleus

acts on collecting ducts and causes resorbtion of water

Question 17

What is ANP produced by , act on and do

Answer 17

Produced by stretch of atrial fibres
-causes decreased NA resorbtion resulting in increased urne prod

Question 18

What is a volitle vs non volatile acid

Answer 18

volitile- produced when CO2 reacts with H20 to form carbonic acid

Non volatile- include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid and hydrobutyrate

Question 19

if body is producing too much non volatile acids (metabolic acidosis) what will happen

Answer 19

Lungs- will bow off water and COs thru hyper ventiation

Question 20

If lungs are underfunctiong, volatile acids (CO2) willl e retained causing respiratory acidosi
-how will kidneys compensate

Answer 20

be excreting excess H or increasing HCO3 resorbtion

Question 21

If excess hydrogen is lost (vomit/diuretics) metabolic alkalosis results- how will lungs react

Answer 21

decreasing excretion of CO thru hypoventilation

Question 22

IF too much Co2 is blown off by lungs respiratory alkalosis happens- how will kidneys react

Answer 22

decreasing H excretion and HCO reabsorption