Nutritional/Renal Patho

Question 1

What is marasmus and kwashiorkor

Answer 1

marasmus- severe calorie def causing wasting

Kwashiorkor- severe pro def causing red hair , flaky paint dermatitis and ascites

Question 2

What disease does vit b1 def cause and two types

Answer 2

Beriberi- seen in alcoholics, dietary def, anorexia, bulimia

Dry- B1 def causinging peripheral neuropathy

wet- heart failure

Question 3

What is werknicke korsakoff syndrome due to and what does it cause

Answer 3

B1 def affecting brain
causes confusion, confabulation

Question 4

What does vit B2 def cause

Answer 4

Riboflavin

Hyporiboflavinoissis
Cheiilosis (cracked lips)
Glossitis (sore tongue)
Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 5

What does B3 (niacin) def cause

Answer 5

Pellagra
-Diarrhea
-Dermatitis
-Dementia
-Death

Question 6

What does B9 def (folic acid ) cause (2)

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

megaloblastic anemia

Question 7

What does B12 def cause

Answer 7

Pernicous anemia
-due to lack of intrincic factor secreted by the parietal cells

Question 8

What does vit c def result in

Answer 8

scurvy
-Tisue hemorrhage with bleeding swollen gums + loose teeth
-Poor wound healing
-Impaired bone formation

Question 9

what does Vit A def cause

Answer 9

nyctalopia (night blindness)
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Keratomalcia (soft cornea)

Question 10

what does vit D def in kids and adults result in

Answer 10

rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults

Question 11

what does vit e def cause

Answer 11

hemolytic anemia
-destruction of RBCs

Question 12

What does iodine def cause

Answer 12

Myxedema (primary hypothyroidism) in adults, cretism in infants

Question 13

what does iron def cause

Answer 13

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

-severe anemia, tongue is pale and smooth, spoon shaped nails

Question 14

what does excessive iron absorption cause

Answer 14

hemochromatosis
Bronze skin
cirrhosis
diabetes
arthritis
errection probs

Question 15

What does excessive copper absorption cause

Answer 15

Wilsons disease

Question 16

Nephritic syndrome usually happens after what + pathology

Answer 16

post streptococcal inf
antigen-antibody complex damage glomeruli and complement system causes inflammation

Question 17

End result of nephritic syndrome (what’s in urine)

Answer 17

causes leakage of RBCs (hematuria) and protein in urin (proteinuria)
-red blood cell casts in urin
-renal ischemia causes in hypertension activating renin-angiotensin causing edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 18

What is nephrotic syndrome caused by

Answer 18

diabetes, SLE
-minimal change damage to the basement membrane

Question 19

End result of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

Causes massive proteinuria >3.5g/day which results in hypoprotinemia in blood which decreases oncotic pressure and results in edam

Question 20

What is pylenphritis caused by and what will u see microscopically

Answer 20

ascending e coli inf from cystitis
-causes WBC casts

Question 21

What is a urinary tract inf mc caused by

Answer 21

E coli
WBC, Bac and nitrite usually found in urine

Question 22

What is interstitial cystitis caused by and pres

Answer 22

Leakage of urin beneath the bladder epithelium
-presents w increased frequency and nocturne
-urinalysis shows WBC but no bac or nitrites

Question 23

What is goodpastures syndrome and what does it target

Answer 23

affects the parenchyma of the kidney and lung
-antibodies against type IV collagen fibres
-presents w hemoptysis and hematri

Question 24

Mc type of renal calculi

Answer 24

calcium oxalate (radiopaque)