Endocrine Phys

Question 1

What is secreted by ant pituitary lobe (6)

Answer 1

-ACTH (synthetis of cortisol)
-FSH (stims overies to produce estro, sertoli cells for spematagoenesis)
-LH (stims ovulation and prod of progesterone, stims leydig cells for test)
-GH (stims bone tissue grow thru somatomedians A-c)
-TSH (produces thyroxin)
-Prolactin (breast milk development)

Question 2

What is stored in post pituitary gland

Answer 2

Oxytocin- (secreted by paraventricular nucleus in hypothalamus, stims contraction of uterine mm and milk ejection)

ADH (secreted mainly by supraoptic nucleus, acts on collecting ducts of kidney)

Question 3

what is the form of T3, T4

Answer 3

T4- 2 DITS coupled

T3- 1 Dit coupled with 2 DITS

Question 4

effect of calcitonin and what is it released by

Answer 4

released from thyroid

tajes calcium from blood and puts it back in bone

Question 5

What is PTH secreted by

Answer 5

chief cells in the parathyroid gland
takes calcium from bones and puts it into blood

also increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys by acting on the distal convoluted tubules and increases absorption in gut

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and what do they secrete (from out to in)

Answer 6

zona glomerulosa (aldosterone)- salty
zona fasciculata (cortisol) sweet
zona reticularis (androsteedione) sex

Question 7

What does aldosterone do

Answer 7

regulates Na resolution from distal convoluted tubule
(causes water retention and increases BP)

Question 8

What happens w excess aldosterone

Answer 8

Conns syndrome

Question 9

What does cortisol (glucocorticoid) do/regulate metabolism (6)

Answer 9

• increases lipogenesis
• increases glycogenesis
• increases glujconeogeneis at expense of protein
  -maintains BP
  -decreased bone formation
  -supresse inflammation

Question 10

what is derived from androsteinon

Answer 10

estrogen, progesterone and testosterone
(androsteione is secreted by zona retoculars)

Question 11

What happens with destruction of the adrenal cortex

Answer 11

Addisons disease (destroys all 3 layers)
-causes weight loss, low BP and bronzing of the skin

Question 12

What are the adrenal cortex hormones produced by

Answer 12

from cholesterol

Question 13

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 13

secretes epinephrine (80%)
norepinephrine (20%)

Question 14

what is secreted in increased quantities in pheochromocytoma (tumor in adrenals)

Answer 14

Nor epinephrine
causes 4 Ps:
-perspirations
-heart palps
-paroxyms of hypertension and pressure headaches

Question 15

what are the 4 transporters of glucose and where is each located

Answer 15

GLUT1- erythrocytes + brain

GLUT2- Liver and beta islet cells

GLUT3- Neurons

GLUT4- Skeletal mm and adipose tissue

Question 16

What is insulin, glucagon and somatostatin released by

Answer 16

Insulin- Beta type

Glucagon- alpha type

somatostatin- delta type

Question 17

What does somatostatin do

Answer 17

Also known as growth hormone inhibitory hormone as it inhibits
Reninin
Insulin
GH
Gastrin
glucagon