Nervous system patho

Question 1

what is spina bifida due to and two types

Answer 1

Neural tube defect due to folic acid def in first trimester

occulta- failure of neural arch to close with a tuft of hair
Vera- failure of neural arch to close with meninges herniation under skin

Question 2

What is meningocele vs myelomeningocele

Answer 2

meningocele- protrusion of meninges thru defect in the spinal column

myelomeningocele- protrusion of meninges + spinal cord thru spinal column defect

Question 3

what can normal pressure hydrocephalus cause

Answer 3

reversible cause of dementia

-presents with incotinence, ataxia, dementia (wet, wobbly, wacky)

Question 4

Arnold chiari deformity type 1 vs 2

Answer 4

type 1- herniation of cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum

type 2- herniation of cerebellar vermis and medulla into foramen magnum

Question 5

What is dandy walker syndrome

Answer 5

large posterior fossa with cystic dilation of 4th ventricle

Question 6

What is cerebral palsy

Answer 6

non progressive motor disorder due to prenatal brain anoxia

Question 7

What is subdural vs extradural hematoma

Answer 7

Subdural- accumulation of blood under dura
extra- accumulation of blood outside of dura, eg. Meningeal artery tear

Question 8

example of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 8

ruptured berry aneurysm

Question 9

mc affected arteries in intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 9

mc leticulostriate branches of middle cerebral arteries

Question 10

what are some organisms that can cause meningitis

Answer 10

n meningitids
e coli
h influenza

Question 11

what does poliomyelitis affect and what causes it

Answer 11

enterovirus which causes flaccid paralysis due to destruction of ant horn cells

Question 12

what is alzheimer’s disease characterized by

Answer 12

diffuse cerebral atrophy, pronounced memory loss, hiring bodies, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles

Question 13

what is Parkinson’s characterized by

Answer 13

pale substantia nigra, decreased dopamine with leeway bodies

resting tremors, festinating gate

Question 14

What is huningtons chorea due to

Answer 14

basal ganglia damage (caudate) and it characterized by decreased GABA, chorea (involuntary mvmts)

Question 15

What is wenches syndrome

Answer 15

thiamine deficiency seen in alcoholism and deficient diets

Question 16

what is korsakoffs psychosis

Answer 16

mainly memory loss accompanied by confabulation (lying)

Question 17

what does vin b 12 def result in

Answer 17

dorsal column and spinothalamic tract damage

Question 18

what is the mc primary brain tumor

Answer 18

glioblastoma multiforme (bad prog)

Question 19

What is the mc brain tumor in children

Answer 19

medulloblastoma

Question 20

What is the second most common brain tumor

Answer 20

meningioma

Question 21

what is vin recklinghausens disease

Answer 21

multiple neurofibromas in skin, spinal cord and cafe au lait skin lesions

Question 22

what is gonalgia paresthetica

Answer 22

compression of the saphenous nerve of the knee in obese patients

Question 23

What is neuropraxia vs axonotmesis

Answer 23

neuropraxia- transient injury with rapid and complete recovery

Axonotmesis- axon is damage but sheath is intact

Neurotmesis- axon and sheath completely transected

Question 24

Lead poisoning presentation

Answer 24

ABCDEF
-anorexia/anermia
-belly pain
-clumsiness/constipation
-developmental delays
-emesis
-fatigue

Question 25

what is mercury poisoning characterized by

Answer 25

peripheral neuropathy with numbness and hypotonia

Question 26

what is leprosy caused by and s/s

Answer 26

Mycobacterium leprae

-peripheral neuropathy (claw hand)
-loss of outer third of eyebrow

Question 27

What is herpes zoster caused by

Answer 27

HHV type 3

Question 28

What is megaesophagus and organism/disease that causes it

Answer 28

due to destruction of the ganglionic cells
-caused by trypanosoma cruz
–results in chaggas diease

Question 29

What is Horners syndrome characterized by

Answer 29

PAM is Horny

Unilateral:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis (can’t sweat)
Miosis