Nervous system patho Flashcards
what is spina bifida due to and two types
Neural tube defect due to folic acid def in first trimester
occulta- failure of neural arch to close with a tuft of hair
Vera- failure of neural arch to close with meninges herniation under skin
What is meningocele vs myelomeningocele
meningocele- protrusion of meninges thru defect in the spinal column
myelomeningocele- protrusion of meninges + spinal cord thru spinal column defect
what can normal pressure hydrocephalus cause
reversible cause of dementia
-presents with incotinence, ataxia, dementia (wet, wobbly, wacky)
Arnold chiari deformity type 1 vs 2
type 1- herniation of cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum
type 2- herniation of cerebellar vermis and medulla into foramen magnum
What is dandy walker syndrome
large posterior fossa with cystic dilation of 4th ventricle
What is cerebral palsy
non progressive motor disorder due to prenatal brain anoxia
What is subdural vs extradural hematoma
Subdural- accumulation of blood under dura
extra- accumulation of blood outside of dura, eg. Meningeal artery tear
example of subarachnoid hemorrhage
ruptured berry aneurysm
mc affected arteries in intracerebral hemorrhage
mc leticulostriate branches of middle cerebral arteries
what are some organisms that can cause meningitis
n meningitids
e coli
h influenza
what does poliomyelitis affect and what causes it
enterovirus which causes flaccid paralysis due to destruction of ant horn cells
what is alzheimer’s disease characterized by
diffuse cerebral atrophy, pronounced memory loss, hiring bodies, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles
what is Parkinson’s characterized by
pale substantia nigra, decreased dopamine with leeway bodies
resting tremors, festinating gate
What is huningtons chorea due to
basal ganglia damage (caudate) and it characterized by decreased GABA, chorea (involuntary mvmts)
What is wenches syndrome
thiamine deficiency seen in alcoholism and deficient diets
what is korsakoffs psychosis
mainly memory loss accompanied by confabulation (lying)
what does vin b 12 def result in
dorsal column and spinothalamic tract damage
what is the mc primary brain tumor
glioblastoma multiforme (bad prog)
What is the mc brain tumor in children
medulloblastoma
What is the second most common brain tumor
meningioma
what is vin recklinghausens disease
multiple neurofibromas in skin, spinal cord and cafe au lait skin lesions
what is gonalgia paresthetica
compression of the saphenous nerve of the knee in obese patients
What is neuropraxia vs axonotmesis
neuropraxia- transient injury with rapid and complete recovery
Axonotmesis- axon is damage but sheath is intact
Neurotmesis- axon and sheath completely transected
Lead poisoning presentation
ABCDEF
-anorexia/anermia
-belly pain
-clumsiness/constipation
-developmental delays
-emesis
-fatigue
what is mercury poisoning characterized by
peripheral neuropathy with numbness and hypotonia
what is leprosy caused by and s/s
Mycobacterium leprae
-peripheral neuropathy (claw hand)
-loss of outer third of eyebrow
What is herpes zoster caused by
HHV type 3
What is megaesophagus and organism/disease that causes it
due to destruction of the ganglionic cells
-caused by trypanosoma cruz
–results in chaggas diease
What is Horners syndrome characterized by
PAM is Horny
Unilateral:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis (can’t sweat)
Miosis
