Gastro Path Flashcards
Achalasia
Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax
What is a hiatal hernia
Protrusion of stomach into chest thru diaphram
What is GERD and what can happen w it
Chronic inflammation of lower esophagus due to acid regurgitation
Barrets-premalignant metaplastic changes of lower esophagus due to GERD
What are the two types of esophageal cancers and what can cause them
Squamous- excess nitrosamines in diet + smoking
Adenocarcinom- barrets
Epigastric pain w gastric and duodenal ulcers
epigastric pain is greater w meals in gastric and decreases with dodenal ones
What predisposes an individual to gastric carcinoma and major sign
H pylori infection, high nitrosamines
Troisiers sign: Virchows node in left supraclavicular fossa
What is chrones disease- signs/where is it found
non caseous granulomas, cobblestone terminal ileum, skip lesions, fitula
located anywhere
What is Meckels diverticulum a remnant of
remnant of the vitelline duct
What is whiles disease caused by
trophermya whipplei infection
What is diverticulosis and diverticulitis
diverticulosis- numerous outpourings of the large bowel
Diverticulitis- inflammation of the diverticulum of bowel
What is intussusception
telescoping of prox part of bowel into a distant segemnt
-presents w abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction
what is hirschsprung disease and how does it present
arrested neural crest cell migration, congenital aganglionosis of the colon
-presents with chronic constipation in child
What is ulcerative colitis, where, ss
chronic ulcerative inflammation mainly confined to the rectum
-presents w bloody diarrhea, toxic megacolon and increased risk of colon cancer
what is a volvulus
twisting of part of bowel on itself- mc in sigmoid colon
=presents w intestinal obstruction and abdominal pain
what is nutmeg liver seen in
seen in congestive heart failure
