Gastro Path Flashcards
Achalasia
Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax
What is a hiatal hernia
Protrusion of stomach into chest thru diaphram
What is GERD and what can happen w it
Chronic inflammation of lower esophagus due to acid regurgitation
Barrets-premalignant metaplastic changes of lower esophagus due to GERD
What are the two types of esophageal cancers and what can cause them
Squamous- excess nitrosamines in diet + smoking
Adenocarcinom- barrets
Epigastric pain w gastric and duodenal ulcers
epigastric pain is greater w meals in gastric and decreases with dodenal ones
What predisposes an individual to gastric carcinoma and major sign
H pylori infection, high nitrosamines
Troisiers sign: Virchows node in left supraclavicular fossa
What is chrones disease- signs/where is it found
non caseous granulomas, cobblestone terminal ileum, skip lesions, fitula
located anywhere
What is Meckels diverticulum a remnant of
remnant of the vitelline duct
What is whiles disease caused by
trophermya whipplei infection
What is diverticulosis and diverticulitis
diverticulosis- numerous outpourings of the large bowel
Diverticulitis- inflammation of the diverticulum of bowel
What is intussusception
telescoping of prox part of bowel into a distant segemnt
-presents w abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction
what is hirschsprung disease and how does it present
arrested neural crest cell migration, congenital aganglionosis of the colon
-presents with chronic constipation in child
What is ulcerative colitis, where, ss
chronic ulcerative inflammation mainly confined to the rectum
-presents w bloody diarrhea, toxic megacolon and increased risk of colon cancer
what is a volvulus
twisting of part of bowel on itself- mc in sigmoid colon
=presents w intestinal obstruction and abdominal pain
what is nutmeg liver seen in
seen in congestive heart failure
What is cirrhosis and s.s
chronic liver condition w damage fibrosis an dregeneration nodules
presents w:
portal hypertension (obstruction to portal blood flow due to liver fibrosis)
carpet medusae (dilated varicose veins radiating from umbilicus due to portal hypertension)
what types of hepatitis is liver cancer associated w
Hep B/C
will have raised a fetoprotein
-may present w painful hepatomegaly, anorexia, fatigue and weightless
what is cholecystitis- where will pain be, caused by what
inflammation of gallbladder
presentation- fair, fat, fertile, flatulent females >40 with r upper quadrant pain
95% caused by gallstones
What is pancreatis caused by and signs
Caused by alcohol, gallstones, trauma, mumps
severe abdominal pain, blusish discolouration around umbilicus (cullens sign), or in the flanks (Grey turner sign)
