MSK patho

Question 1

what is osteomalacia (why/signs on xray)

Answer 1

loss of bone quality with softening of the bones
-decreased vit d in adults
-loosers zones on the X-rays of one bones

Question 2

what is rickets/who is it seen in (signs)

Answer 2

loss of bone quality
-decreased vit D in children
-bowlegs and rachitic rosary (swollen costochondral joss)

Question 3

What is osteitis fibres cystica due to and signs

Answer 3

due to hyperparathyroidism
-brown bone cysts

Question 4

What is chariots joint and what could it be due to (4)

Answer 4

Joint destruction because loss of pain

caused by
-Tabes dorsalis
-diabetes mellitus
-springomyelia
-leprosy

Question 5

What is osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 5

Autosomal dominant
-causes defective collagen synthesis
-blue sclera, brittle bone

Question 6

What is osteomyelitis caused by (mc, sickle cell, Iv)

Answer 6

mc- staph A,

Sickle- Salmonella

Pseudomonas- IV

Question 7

Giant cell tumor loc

Answer 7

benign metaphysical bone tumor extending into epiphyssis

Question 8

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 8

eccentric soap buckle xray appearance exiting from diaphysis into metaphysics

Question 9

multiple myeloma (how common, age, s/s)

Answer 9

Mc primary bone cancer in adults
mc after 50
ss- nocturnal bone/back pain, recurrent inf, hyerpcalcemia, punched out lesions

Raised IgG causing M spike
Bence jones proteins in urine

Question 10

What things will have positive RF

Answer 10

RA, SLE

Question 11

What blood factors will u see in RA

Answer 11

RF +
HLA DR4+

Question 12

What deformities will u see in RA

Answer 12

swan neck
ulnar dev
boutonnieres
Bouchards nodes

Question 13

What is Feltys syndrome and what is it associated w

Answer 13

Associated w RA
-Splenomegaly
-neurtopenia

Question 14

What blood markers will you see in SLE

Answer 14

ANA, Anti Ds-DNA

Question 15

Who does SLE affect mc and s/s

Answer 15

young females (especially blacks)

-polyarthritis
-butterfly rash
-nephrotic syndrome
-libman-sacks endocarditis

Question 16

What is sjogrens syndrome and who is it seen in

Answer 16

Dry eyes, dry out and arthritis
-may be seen in RA, Scleroderma
-mc in women bw 40-60

Question 17

What is seen in the bloodwork of seronegative arthritis

Answer 17

RF negative
HLA B27+

Question 18

What are the seronegative arthritis

Answer 18

Psoariactic, AS, Reiters syndrome

Question 19

What is rieterrs syndrome (+ what else can it be caused by)

Answer 19

Urethritis
Arthritis
conjunctivitis

(may be caused by chlamydia/shigella)

Question 20

what is gout caused by and what is it characterized by

Answer 20

due to hyperuricemia (may be associated with alcohol and purine-rich foods)

uric acid crystals are needle shaped an negatively burefringit with polarized light

Question 21

What is lyme disease caused by and what is the presentation

Answer 21

borrelia burgdorferi

Polyarthritis with bulls-eye lesion

Question 22

what does myasthenia gravis affect, mc affected, positive test

Answer 22

acetylecholine receptor antibodies
major peak- 30+ year old females, 60+ year old males

Tension test +

Question 23

What does lambert eaton syndrome affect and effects of it

Answer 23

auto antibodies to pre synaptic voltage gated calcium channels (prevents each from being released)

-older male pop
-Tensilon test usually neg

Question 24

What is dermatomyositis and what does it cause, what will u see on blood work

Answer 24

autoimmune disorder mc in females

-causes a heliotrope rash (reddish eyelids and papule on the knuckles of hands)
-Anti Jo-1 antibodies

Question 25

What is charcot marie tooth disease and what happens

Answer 25

Progressive hereditary nerve damage
peroneal mm wating

Question 26

What is legg-calve perches disease

Answer 26

ischemia and subsequent avascular necrosis of head of the femur
-mc in young boys

Question 27

Slipped capital femoral epipythis and common pres

Answer 27

displacement of the epiphysis of head of the femur
-mc in young boys

Question 28

What is poly myalgia rheumatica, mc pres/age, s/s

Answer 28

older females >50
pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips
-associated w temporal arthritis

-high elevated ESR