Endocrine Patho Flashcards
Gigantism vs Acromegaly
Gigamtism- die to excess GH before 18 years (overgrowth of tissues of entire body)
Acromegaly- after growth plate closed (protruding jaw, large hands/feet, visual disturbance)
What is Cushings disease and what are s/s
Excess ACTH (excess cortisol prod)
-moon face, buffalo hump, trucks obesity, herytension, purple straie
What is sheehans syndrome and what does it cause
inschemic necrosis of ant pituitary lobe following severe postpartum hemorrhage
-afterwords no secretions from ant lobe resulting in:
Amenorrhea
cessation of lactiation
loss of axillary and pubic har
What does hyperprolactinemia cause (3)
-secreting prolactin pituitary adenoma presenting w
–Galactorrhea (milky discharge)
–Amenorrhea (absent menstruation)
–Indertility
What is diabetes insidious due to
ADH deficiency
causes polyuria, polydispia, constant specific gravity <1.006
what is a primary vs secondary hypothyroidism
primary- High TSH, low t3/t4
Secondary- Low TSH, low T3/4
What are primary hypothyroidism and causes
Hashimotos- Anti thyroglobin antibodies
Ridels thyroiditis- lymphocytic fibrotic thyroid disease
What is a primary hyperthyroidism vs secondary hyperthyroidism
Primary- Low TSH, high T3/4
Secondary- High TSH, High T3/4
What is a example of a primary hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
autoimmune disorder where antibodies bind to TSH recepors
s/s- exophthalmos(bulging eyes), goitre (enlarged thryoid)
What does hyperthyroidism cause
Parathyroid adenoma
-hyper calcemia- fatigue
-brown bone cystes
What does hypoparathyroidism cause (+ how to test)
incidental removal of parathyroids
-causes hypocalcemia
-presents w tetany/mm twitching
Chvostek test- tapping fascial nerve in front of ear causes facial twitching
What is addisons disease
chronic under functioning of adrenal cortex
-low glucocorticoids and aldosterone
-hyperpigmentated skin creases/bronze skin
-low Na, low BP, High K and high ATCH
What is conns disease
Overfunctioning of zona glomerulosa (excess mineralocorticoids)
-low potassium, low renin, high BP
What is cushings syndrome
tumor of adrenal cortex (syndrome affects medulla where disease affects pituitary)
-truncal obesity, moon face, Buffalo hump, hyerptwension, hyperglycaemia, no hyperpigmentation though!
What is pheochromocytoma and what is the P symptoms
Adrenal medulla tumor
-palpations, perspiration, pressure headaches, periodic hypertension
what is type I diabetes
Due to insulin deficiency (beta cell destruction)
More prone to Diabetic keto acidosis
What is type II diabetes (+ what kind of coma is it susceptible to)
Insulin insensitive (insulin may be elevated)
presents w- polyuria, polydypia, polyphasic
Prone to hyperosmolar non ketotic coma
What is MODY
mature onset diabetes in young
not dependent on Insulin, no antibodies and not obese
under 25
What is insulinoma
pancreateic beta islet cell tumor
-hyp0glycemia relieved by food
What is MEN type 1
3 Ps
pituitary adenoma
parathyroid adenoma
pancreas adenoma
What is MEN type IIA
2 Ps + 1 M
Medullary thyroid cancer
pheochromocytoma
parathyroid hyperplasia
MEN type IIB
1 P and 3 Ms
Pheochromocytoma
Marfacnoid features
Medullary thyroid cancer
Mucosal neuromas
