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Boards- Patho/Phys > Cardiovascular patho > Flashcards

Cardiovascular patho Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cyanotic vs acyanotic heart issue

A

cyanotic- right to left shunt

acyanotic- left to right shunt (seen in VSD, ASD, PDA)

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2
Q

What is fallows tertralogy and what does it consist of (4)

A

Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta

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3
Q

What causes an ASD

A

failure of osmium secundum to close

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4
Q

What causes VSD

A

defect in ventricular septum- mc defect

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5
Q

What is coartictation of the aorta

A

narrowing near arch of ligaments arteriosum

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6
Q

What is rheumatic fever due to and what are some key s/s

A

due to post strep infection
-characterized by aschoff bodies
-MacCallum patches found in left atrium

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7
Q

What organisms can endocarditis be caused by(3)

A

Inflammation of endocardium (affecting valves)

-strep Pyogenes, strep Viridans, Staph aureus

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8
Q

What causes subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

-inf of previously ddamaged valves
-sequel of rheumatic fever (s Viridands)

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9
Q

What is acute bacterial endocarditis due to

A

Inf of previously healthy valves
-seen in IV drug users (s Auerues)

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10
Q

What is Libman Sacks Endocarditis

A

Endocarditis of pulmonary and tricuspid valves seen in SLE

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11
Q

What does syphilitic aortitis causes (+ what is it caused by)

A

Affects arch of aorta

-treponema pallidum inf leading to aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis and angina pectoris

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12
Q

What part of the blood vessel does arthelosclerosis affect

A

lipid/calcium deposits in tunica intima

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13
Q

What is the pathology of atherosclerosis

A

sub endothelial fatty streaks, fibrosis, atheroma and rupture with eventual occlusion of embolusformation

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14
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

reversible inadequately perfused myocardium and pain relieved by rest

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15
Q

What is prinzmental angina

A

angina that occurs at rest and is caused by coronary artery spasm

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16
Q

What is MI and how is it affected w rest

A

related to ischemic necrosis of myocardium due to blocked coronary artery (mainly left ant descending)

not relieved by rest

17
Q

What chems are released in MI(3)

A

Troponin and creatine kinase-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase

18
Q

What doe atherosclerotic aneurysm usually affect

A

abdominal aorta

19
Q

what is dissecting aneurysm seen in

A

longitudinal intraluminal tearing of the ascending thoracic aorta seen in marinas and ehlers danlos and longstanding hypertension

20
Q

Where will a syphilitis aneurysm be seen

A

arch of aorta

21
Q

When will berry aneurysm happen, where, s.s

A

Congenital weaknesses that present in 3rd decade in ant part of circle of willis
-sudden headache, neck stiffness and LOC

22
Q

When is it considered hypertension

A

BP >140/90 on 3 or more occasions

23
Q

What is essential vs secondary hypertension

A

Essential (unknown origin)= fam hx, high salt, stress, obesity

Secondary- unilateral renal artery stenosis, hyperthyroidism, cushings etc

24
Q

what is cor pulmonale and what is it due to

A

right heart failure due to COPD, pulmonary embolism

25
Q

What is cardiac tamponade and what is it characterized by (Becks triad)

A

Heart is comprised due to excess fluid in pericardial sac

Becks Triad:
Hypotension
Heart sounds distant
High venous pressure

26
Q

What is peripheral vascular disease caused by and s/s

A

Atherosclerotic narrowing of large vessels
-presents w intermittent claudication
-pain in calves on walking relieved by rest

27
Q

What is deep vein thrombosis related to (3)

A

Viscosity increased clotting (BC pill related)
stasis (in veins from prolonged immobilization)
Damage to vessel wall due to trauma

-can present as painful swollen leg

28
Q

What can a pulmonary embolism present as-s/s

A

Triad of SOB, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis

29
Q

What is rayneuds phenom secondary to (3)

A

SLE
Atherosclerosis
Scleroderma
CREST

30
Q

What is polyarteritis nodosa

A

Inflammation due to type III hyerpsensitivity reaction affecting medium sized arteries

31
Q

That is thromboangitis obluterns (buergers disease)

A

Segmental inflammation of medium sized arteries and veins
=causes intermittent claudication and weakened distal pulses
=seen in male smokers between 20-40 years old

32
Q

What is temporal arthritis and what is it related to

A

localized giant cell inflammation in small arteries
-Associated with raised ESR in elderly

33
Q

What is Takayasus artehritis (+ what is it do to)

A

Due to inflammation of the aorta (possible autoimmune)
mc in asian females <40
present w absent pulses mainly in upper limbs

Boards- Patho/Phys (19 decks)

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