renal pharm

Question 1

MOA of mannitol

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic. increases tubular fluid osmololity, increasing urine flow,

Question 2

uses for mannitol

Answer 2

reduces ICP, IOP, drug overdose

Question 3

tox of mannitol

Answer 3

pulmonary edema, dehydration, contraindicated in anuria and CHF

Question 4

site of mannitol action

Answer 4

PCT

Question 5

site of acetazolamide action

Answer 5

PCT

Question 6

acetazolamide MOA

Answer 6

carbonic anhydrase inhibior. casues NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction of bicarb body stores

Question 7

use of acetazolamide

Answer 7

glaucoma, urinary alkinization, metabold acidosis, altitide sickness, pseudotumor cerebri

Question 8

tox of acetazolamide

Answer 8

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, paresthesias, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy

Question 9

loop diuretics

Answer 9

furosemide, ethacrynic acid, HCTZ,

Question 10

site of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, action

Answer 10

thick ascending loop

Question 11

MOA of furosemide

Answer 11

inhibits Na/K/2 CL- cotransport system. Stimulates PGE release, increases Ca++ excretion

Question 12

drug that will counteract furosemide

Answer 12

NSAIDS

Question 13

uses of furosemide

Answer 13

quick need for fluid loss (CHF, cirrhosis) hypertension, hypercalcimia

Question 14

tox of fuseromide

Answer 14

ototox, hypokalemia, dehydreation, sulfa allergy, nephritis, gout

Question 15

use of ethacryinic acid

Answer 15

people needing fusuromide that are allergic to sulfa drugs

Question 16

NEVER USE THIS TO TREAT GOUT

Answer 16

ethacrynic acid

Question 17

HTCZ action location

Answer 17

DCT

Question 18

HCTZ MOA

Answer 18

inhibits NaCl reabsorption at DCT, reducing diluting capacity of nephron. inhibits Ca excretion

Question 19

use of HCTZ

Answer 19

hypertension, CHF, indiopathic hypercalcuria, nephrogenic DI.

Question 20

tox of HCTZ

Answer 20

hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyerlipidemia, hyperuricema, hypercalcemia, sulfa allergy

Question 21

HCTZ should not be used with this chronic disease

Answer 21

DM

Question 22

K sparing diuretic names

Answer 22

Spirolactone, eplerenone, triamterterene, amiloride (SEAT)

Question 23

Spirolactone, eplerenone, MOA

Answer 23

competitive aldosterone receptor agonists in the CCT

Question 24

triamterterene, amiloride MOA

Answer 24

block Na Channels in CCT

Question 25

use of K sparing diuretic

Answer 25

hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF

Question 26

tox of K sparing diuretic

Answer 26

high potassium, endrocrine effects with spirolactone

Question 27

-sartan drugs

Answer 27

ARBs

Question 28

MOA of ARBs

Answer 28

same as ACEis, but don’t increase bradykinin (no cough or angiodemia)

Question 29

tox of ACEis

Answer 29

cough, angioedema, birth defects, increase in creatine (lower GFR), high K, hypotension

Question 30

avoid this drug in renal artery stenosis

Answer 30

ACEi

Question 31

use of ACEis

Answer 31

hypertension (ESPECIALLY WITH DM), CHF, prevents bad heart remodelling as a result of chronic hypertesion