Pharm - basics

Question 1

competitive inhibitors bind

Answer 1

active site

Question 2

competitive inhibitors affect

Answer 2

potency (lower it)

Question 3

non competitive inhibitors affect

Answer 3

efficacy (lower it)

Question 4

can alter volume of distribution

Answer 4

liver and kidney disease

Question 5

volume of distribution =

Answer 5

amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration

Question 6

large/charged molecules are distrubted in

Answer 6

the blood

Question 7

small hydrophillic molecules are distributed in the

Answer 7

ECF

Question 8

small lipophillic moclecules are distributed in

Answer 8

all tissues

Question 9

half life =

Answer 9

.(07 x volume of distribution)/clearance

Question 10

a drug infused at a constant rate takes how ling to reach steady state

Answer 10

4-5 half lives

Question 11

clearance =

Answer 11

(rate of elimnation of drug/plasma drug concentration)

or

(volume of distribution x elimination constant)

Question 12

loading dose =

Answer 12

target plasma concentration x (volume of distribution/bioavailability)

Question 13

maintance dose =

Answer 13

target plasma concentration x (clearance/bioavailability)

Question 14

dosage calculation that changes in renal/liver disease

Answer 14

maintainance dose (lower)

Question 15

zero-order elimination drug examples

Answer 15

asprin, phenytoin, ethanol

Question 16

rate of elimination is constant regardless of plasma concentration is called

Answer 16

zero order

Question 17

rate of elimination is directly proportional to drug concentration

Answer 17

first order

Question 18

treat OD of weak acids with

Answer 18

bicarb (to trap in urine)

Question 19

weak acid drug ex:

Answer 19

phenobarbital, methotreaxate, asprin

Question 20

treat OD of weak bases with

Answer 20

amonium cholride (traps in urine)

Question 21

weak base drug ex

Answer 21

amphetamines

Question 22

phase I metabolism results in

Answer 22

slightly polar slightly water souable metabolites

Question 23

phase II metabolism results in

Answer 23

very polar, inactive metaboltes that are renally excreted

Question 24

phase metabolism reactions

Answer 24

reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with cytochrome P450

Question 25

phase II metabolism reactions

Answer 25

conjugation (glucoronidation, acetylation, sulfation)

Question 26

maximal effect a drug can produce

Answer 26

efficacy

Question 27

high efficacy drug classes

Answer 27

pain meds, antibiotics, antihistamines, decongestants

Question 28

amount of drug needed for a given effect

Answer 28

potency

Question 29

high potency drug classes

Answer 29

chemo, HBP drugs, antilipid drugs

Question 30

shifts dose effect curve to right and decreses potency

Answer 30

competive agonist

Question 31

shifts dose effect curve down and decreses efficacy

Answer 31

noncompetetive agonist

Question 32

acts at same site as full agonisyt but with reduced maximal effect

Answer 32

partial agonist

Question 33

cannot be overcome by increasing agonist substrate concentration

Answer 33

noncompetitive antagonist

Question 34

theraputic index=

Answer 34

LD50/ED50

Question 35

drugs with low theraputic indexes

Answer 35

digoxin, lithium, theophylline, warfarin

Question 36

nicotinic ACh receptors are what type

Answer 36

ligand gated Na/K

Question 37

muscarinic ACh receptors are what type

Answer 37

G-protein coupled

Question 38

sympathetic a1 receptor functions

Answer 38

increase: vascular smooth muscle tone, contraction of pupilarry dilator muscle (mydriasis), contract intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle

Question 39

sympathetic a2 receptor functions

Answer 39

lowered: sympathetic outflow, insulin release, lipolysis raised: platelet aggretation

Question 40

sympathetic B1 receptor functions

Answer 40

increase: HR, contractability of heart, lipolysis, increased renin release

Question 41

sympathetic B2 receptor functions

Answer 41

vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased HR and contractability, increased lipolysis and insulin release, lower uterine tone, cilary muscle relaxation, increased aqueous humor production

Question 42

parasympathetic M2 receptor functions

Answer 42

lowers HR and contractability of atria

Question 43

parasympathetic M3 receptor functions

Answer 43

increase exocrine gland secretions, increase gut peristalis, increase bladder contraction, increase bronchoconstriction, miosis, accomidation (increases ciliary muscle contraction)

Question 44

D1 receptor function

Answer 44

relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

Question 45

D2 receptor function

Answer 45

modulates transmitter release, esp in brain

Question 46

H1 receptor function

Answer 46

nasal and bronchial mucus production, contraction of bronchioles, itching and pain

Question 47

H2 receotor function

Answer 47

gastric acid release

Question 48

V1 receptor functon

Answer 48

vascular smooth muscle contraction

Question 49

V2 receptor function

Answer 49

H20 permability and resbsprption in the collecting tubiles in the kidney

Question 50

prevents tyrosine becoming DOPA

Answer 50

metyrosine

Question 51

prevents dopamine from becoming NE

Answer 51

reserpine

Question 52

prevents NE uptake

Answer 52

cocaine, amphetamine, TCA

Question 53

prevents NE release

Answer 53

guanathidine, bretylium

Question 54

releases extra NE

Answer 54

amphetamine

Question 55

prevents choline uptake

Answer 55

hemicholinium

Question 56

prevents ACh production

Answer 56

vesamicol

Question 57

prevents ACh release

Answer 57

botulism toxin

Question 58

ACh broken down by AChesterase into

Answer 58

choline and acetate