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Step 1 - Pharm > Pharm - basics > Flashcards

Pharm - basics Flashcards

1
Q

competitive inhibitors bind

A

active site

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2
Q

competitive inhibitors affect

A

potency (lower it)

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3
Q

non competitive inhibitors affect

A

efficacy (lower it)

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4
Q

can alter volume of distribution

A

liver and kidney disease

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5
Q

volume of distribution =

A

amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration

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6
Q

large/charged molecules are distrubted in

A

the blood

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7
Q

small hydrophillic molecules are distributed in the

A

ECF

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8
Q

small lipophillic moclecules are distributed in

A

all tissues

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9
Q

half life =

A

.(07 x volume of distribution)/clearance

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10
Q

a drug infused at a constant rate takes how ling to reach steady state

A

4-5 half lives

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11
Q

clearance =

A

(rate of elimnation of drug/plasma drug concentration)

or

(volume of distribution x elimination constant)

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12
Q

loading dose =

A

target plasma concentration x (volume of distribution/bioavailability)

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13
Q

maintance dose =

A

target plasma concentration x (clearance/bioavailability)

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14
Q

dosage calculation that changes in renal/liver disease

A

maintainance dose (lower)

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15
Q

zero-order elimination drug examples

A

asprin, phenytoin, ethanol

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16
Q

rate of elimination is constant regardless of plasma concentration is called

A

zero order

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17
Q

rate of elimination is directly proportional to drug concentration

A

first order

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18
Q

treat OD of weak acids with

A

bicarb (to trap in urine)

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19
Q

weak acid drug ex:

A

phenobarbital, methotreaxate, asprin

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20
Q

treat OD of weak bases with

A

amonium cholride (traps in urine)

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21
Q

weak base drug ex

A

amphetamines

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22
Q

phase I metabolism results in

A

slightly polar slightly water souable metabolites

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23
Q

phase II metabolism results in

A

very polar, inactive metaboltes that are renally excreted

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24
Q

phase metabolism reactions

A

reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with cytochrome P450

25
Q

phase II metabolism reactions

A

conjugation (glucoronidation, acetylation, sulfation)

26
Q

maximal effect a drug can produce

27
Q

high efficacy drug classes

A

pain meds, antibiotics, antihistamines, decongestants

28
Q

amount of drug needed for a given effect

29
Q

high potency drug classes

A

chemo, HBP drugs, antilipid drugs

30
Q

shifts dose effect curve to right and decreses potency

A

competive agonist

31
Q

shifts dose effect curve down and decreses efficacy

A

noncompetetive agonist

32
Q

acts at same site as full agonisyt but with reduced maximal effect

A

partial agonist

33
Q

cannot be overcome by increasing agonist substrate concentration

A

noncompetitive antagonist

34
Q

theraputic index=

35
Q

drugs with low theraputic indexes

A

digoxin, lithium, theophylline, warfarin

36
Q

nicotinic ACh receptors are what type

A

ligand gated Na/K

37
Q

muscarinic ACh receptors are what type

A

G-protein coupled

38
Q

sympathetic a1 receptor functions

A

increase: vascular smooth muscle tone, contraction of pupilarry dilator muscle (mydriasis), contract intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle

39
Q

sympathetic a2 receptor functions

A

lowered: sympathetic outflow, insulin release, lipolysis
raised: platelet aggretation

40
Q

sympathetic B1 receptor functions

A

increase: HR, contractability of heart, lipolysis, increased renin release

41
Q

sympathetic B2 receptor functions

A

vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased HR and contractability, increased lipolysis and insulin release, lower uterine tone, cilary muscle relaxation, increased aqueous humor production

42
Q

parasympathetic M2 receptor functions

A

lowers HR and contractability of atria

43
Q

parasympathetic M3 receptor functions

A

increase exocrine gland secretions, increase gut peristalis, increase bladder contraction, increase bronchoconstriction, miosis, accomidation (increases ciliary muscle contraction)

44
Q

D1 receptor function

A

relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

45
Q

D2 receptor function

A

modulates transmitter release, esp in brain

46
Q

H1 receptor function

A

nasal and bronchial mucus production, contraction of bronchioles, itching and pain

47
Q

H2 receotor function

A

gastric acid release

48
Q

V1 receptor functon

A

vascular smooth muscle contraction

49
Q

V2 receptor function

A

H20 permability and resbsprption in the collecting tubiles in the kidney

50
Q

prevents tyrosine becoming DOPA

A

metyrosine

51
Q

prevents dopamine from becoming NE

52
Q

prevents NE uptake

A

cocaine, amphetamine, TCA

53
Q

prevents NE release

A

guanathidine, bretylium

54
Q

releases extra NE

A

amphetamine

55
Q

prevents choline uptake

A

hemicholinium

56
Q

prevents ACh production

57
Q

prevents ACh release

A

botulism toxin

58
Q

ACh broken down by AChesterase into

A

choline and acetate

Step 1 - Pharm (17 decks)

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