Renal Pathology Flashcards
Commonest organism causing pyelonephritis?
E. coli
also pseudomonas, strep. faecalis
Bacterial infection of renal pelvices, calyces, tubules and interstitium that usually occurs after a UTI?
Pyelonephritis
Risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Female, young school girls Pregnancy, ureteric dilatation Instrumentation Urinary tract obstruction DIABETES
What is the vesico-ureteric reflex?
Abnormal backward flow from bladder to upper urinary tract
Signs of chronic pyelonephritis?
Hypertension and/or uraemia
Large volume of urine
What would renal imaging show in chronic pyelonephritis?
Coarse cortical scarring, distortion of calyces
Symptoms of tuberculous pyelonephritis?
Vague symptoms, weight loss, fever, loin pain, dysuria Sterile pyuria (presence of white blood cells)
Ureteritis and Cystitis cystica?
Multiple small fluid filled cysts projecting into lumen
-Reactive process, but can resemble umours
Schistosomiasis and S. Haematobium can predispose to which type of malignancy?
Squamous carcinoma
Symptoms of diverticulum in the bladder?
Bladder diverticula: do not produce specific symptoms but may be associated with UTS’s, difficulty voiding or abdominal fullness, particularly if they become large, causing the bladder to empty incompletely
Hydronephrosis
Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system with parenchymal atrophy
Main causes of hydronephrosis?
Urinary tract obstruction and reflux
Hydronephrosis: difference between sudden&complete and gradual&partial?
If sudden and complete – urine production quickly ceases > little pelvicalyceal dilatation.
If gradual and partial > dilatation
What does the kidney look like in hydronephrosis?
If severe . Marked cortical thinning, atrophy and fibrosis.
Secondary infection often follows stasis > Pyonephrosis
Complication of hydronephrosis?
Secondary infection often follows stasis –> pyonephrosis
