Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Macroscopic haematuria investigation (over 50)

A

CT urogrpahy

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2
Q

Investigation of the under 50s with macroscopic haematuria

A

US of kidneys to detect calculi and renal parenchymal tumours

Cystoscopy to look for occasional bladder TCC, bladder calculi, other bladder tumours or evidence of urethritis/prostatitis

CTU only when US and cystoscopy are normal and macroscopic haematuria persists

(change in approach as incidence of urothelial tumours of kidney/ureter is very low in the under 50s)

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3
Q

the testis and/or epididymis is typically hypervascular on US

A

Epididymo-orchitis

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4
Q

the testis is typically avascular on US

A

Testicular torsion

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5
Q

dilated scrotal venous plexus
typically on left side
tortuous veins usually >2mm in diameter

A

Varicocele

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6
Q

Which side are you more likely to get hydrocele?

A

Left side

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7
Q

First line imaging test for suspected renal colic

A

KUB x-ray

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8
Q

How could you make the renal collecting systems, ureters and bladder visible?

A

Obtain x-rays folowing IV contrast injection

INTRA-VENOUS UROGRAM

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9
Q

Definitive test for symptomatic ureteric calculus

A

Non-contrast enhanced CT

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10
Q

Pregnant females (and young non-pregnant females if poss)

A

US and/or MRI

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11
Q

Macroscopic Haematuria

  • over 50
  • Kidneys, collecting systems and ureters
A

CT urogrpahy

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12
Q

Macroscopic Haematuria

  • over 50
  • bladder and urethra
A

Cystoscopy

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13
Q

gives option for ureteroscopy
to confirm tumour where CTU equivocal
to ablate tumours in patients unfit for nephroureterectomy

A

Cystoscopy

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14
Q

Most sensitive way to detect

Renal parenchymal tumours
Urotherlial tumours of the collecting system or ureters

A

CT urography

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15
Q

How do you carry out a CT urography?

A

1) do CT scan
2) give IV contrast
3) give 2nd shot of contrast (to enhance renal parenchyma)
4) do 2nd CT scan

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16
Q

Patients with contrast allergy, renal impairment, pregnant

A

MR urography

only use when CTU is contraindicated

17
Q

Investigation to assess renal mass

A

CT

18
Q

You find a mass containing fat

A

Benign - likely an angiomyolipoma

19
Q

Difference between fluid cysts and complex cysts containing solid areas/thick septa

A

Simple fluid cysts - benign

Complex cysts - often malignant

20
Q

Imaging for simple cysts

A

US

21
Q

Renal tumour staging

A

CT

22
Q

Imaging for pre-renal disease

A

MR angiogrpahy to detect RAS

23
Q

Imaging for RENAL disease

A

US used to guide biopsy

24
Q

Imaging for post-renal disesae

A

Hydronephrosis - US

Other causes of ureteric obstruction often require CT for diagnosis

25
Q

helpful to distinguish acute from chronic renal impairment and predict prospect of recovery

A

Renal size assessment

26
Q

The painful scrotum

A

US - doppler (look at vascularity)

27
Q

black anechoic fluid surrounds the testicle on US

A

Hydrocele

28
Q

anechoic uni or multilocular cyst
typically arise within epididymal head
extremely common

A

Epidiymal cyst

29
Q

Assessment of renal trauma

A

CT

30
Q

Diagnosis of bladder trauma

A

Cystography or CT cystogrpahy

31
Q

Urethral trauma

A

Urethrogrpahy

32
Q

Treatment for varicocele

A

Embolisation

33
Q

Treatment for ureteric obstruction

A

Nephrostomy, ureteric stent