Pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Infantile polycystic kidney disease inheritance?

A

Autosomal recessive

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2
Q

What is infantile polycystic disease associated with?

A

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

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3
Q

Adult polycystic disease inheritance?

A

Autosomal dominant

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4
Q

Which chromosome has a defect in adult polycystic disease?

A

Chromosome 16

or chromosome 4

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5
Q

How does adult polycystic disease present?

A

Usually middle adult life –> abdominal mass, haematuria, hypertension, CRF

(CRF = chronic renal failure)

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6
Q

What is adult polycystic disease associated with?

A

Association with berry aneurysm

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7
Q

Where do fibromas arise from and what do they look like?

A

Medullary

White nodules

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8
Q

Where do adenomas arise from and what do they look like?

A

Adenomas are yellow, they are cortical

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9
Q

What are angiomyolipoms?

A

They are a mixture of fat, muscle and blood vessels.
Can be multiple and bilateral
ASSOCIATED WITH TUBEROSE SCLEROSIS

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10
Q

JGCT

A

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor

-produce renin = lead to secondary hypertension

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11
Q

Commonest intra-abdominal tumour in children?

A

Nephroblastoma

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12
Q

Where does a nephroblastoma arise from?

A

Arises from residual primitive renal tissue

-commonest intra-abdominal tumour in children

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13
Q

Where doe urothelial carcinomas affect?

A

Renal pevis and calyces

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14
Q

Another name fo nephroblastoma?

A

Wilms’ tumour

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15
Q

Clear cell carcinoma?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Where does a renal cell carcinoma arise from?

A

Arise from renal tubular epithelium

17
Q

Commonest primary renal tumour in adults?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

-yellow colour with solid, cystic, necrotic and haemorrhagic areas

18
Q

How does renal cell carcinoma present?

A

Abdominal mass, haematuria, flank pain, general features of malignant disease
Paraneoplastic manifestations:
-polycythaemia because renal cell carcinoma produces ERYTHROPOEITIC STIMULATING SUBSTANCE
-also hypercalcemia

19
Q

Grading used for renal cell carcinoma?

A

Fuhrman

20
Q

Blood borne spread of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Blood borne metastatic spread to lung, bone

Lymphatic spread later

21
Q

90% of all bladder tumours?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma
(arise from transitional epithelium)
-75% occur in region of trigone

22
Q

Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Aniline dyes, rubber industry, benzidine, cyclophosphamide, analgesics (renal pelvis), schistosomiasis, SMOKING

23
Q

Commonest symptom of transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Haematuria is commonest symptom

24
Q

pT1 (transitional cell carcinoma)

A

Stromal invasion

25
Q

pT2 (transitional epithelium)

A

Muscle invasion

26
Q

Extroversion (glandular metaplasia), urachal remnants, long standing cystitis cystica are risk factors for which type of cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

27
Q

Calculi (squamous metaplasia) and schistosomiasis are risk factors for which type of cancer?

A

Squamous carcinoma

28
Q

Commonest malignant bladder tumour in children?

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

29
Q

Which benign renal tumour produces renin?

A

JGCT
(juxtaglomerular cell tumour)
-Produces renin –> this leads to secondary hypertension!!!

30
Q

Which benign renal tumour is associated with tuberose sclerosis?

A

Angiomyolipoma

31
Q

Tumour of proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

-arises from renal tubular epithelium

32
Q

Another name for Wilms’ tumour?

A

Nephroblastoma