Pathology 2

Question 1

Infantile polycystic kidney disease inheritance?

Answer 1

Autosomal recessive

Question 2

What is infantile polycystic disease associated with?

Answer 2

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

Question 3

Adult polycystic disease inheritance?

Answer 3

Autosomal dominant

Question 4

Which chromosome has a defect in adult polycystic disease?

Answer 4

Chromosome 16

or chromosome 4

Question 5

How does adult polycystic disease present?

Answer 5

Usually middle adult life –> abdominal mass, haematuria, hypertension, CRF

(CRF = chronic renal failure)

Question 6

What is adult polycystic disease associated with?

Answer 6

Association with berry aneurysm

Question 7

Where do fibromas arise from and what do they look like?

Answer 7

Medullary

White nodules

Question 8

Where do adenomas arise from and what do they look like?

Answer 8

Adenomas are yellow, they are cortical

Question 9

What are angiomyolipoms?

Answer 9

They are a mixture of fat, muscle and blood vessels.
Can be multiple and bilateral
ASSOCIATED WITH TUBEROSE SCLEROSIS

Question 10

JGCT

Answer 10

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor

-produce renin = lead to secondary hypertension

Question 11

Commonest intra-abdominal tumour in children?

Answer 11

Nephroblastoma

Question 12

Where does a nephroblastoma arise from?

Answer 12

Arises from residual primitive renal tissue

-commonest intra-abdominal tumour in children

Question 13

Where doe urothelial carcinomas affect?

Answer 13

Renal pevis and calyces

Question 14

Another name fo nephroblastoma?

Answer 14

Wilms’ tumour

Question 15

Clear cell carcinoma?

Answer 15

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 16

Where does a renal cell carcinoma arise from?

Answer 16

Arise from renal tubular epithelium

Question 17

Commonest primary renal tumour in adults?

Answer 17

Renal cell carcinoma

-yellow colour with solid, cystic, necrotic and haemorrhagic areas

Question 18

How does renal cell carcinoma present?

Answer 18

Abdominal mass, haematuria, flank pain, general features of malignant disease
Paraneoplastic manifestations:
-polycythaemia because renal cell carcinoma produces ERYTHROPOEITIC STIMULATING SUBSTANCE
-also hypercalcemia

Question 19

Grading used for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 19

Fuhrman

Question 20

Blood borne spread of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 20

Blood borne metastatic spread to lung, bone

Lymphatic spread later

Question 21

90% of all bladder tumours?

Answer 21

Transitional cell carcinoma
(arise from transitional epithelium)
-75% occur in region of trigone

Question 22

Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 22

Aniline dyes, rubber industry, benzidine, cyclophosphamide, analgesics (renal pelvis), schistosomiasis, SMOKING

Question 23

Commonest symptom of transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 23

Haematuria is commonest symptom

Question 24

pT1 (transitional cell carcinoma)

Answer 24

Stromal invasion

Question 25

pT2 (transitional epithelium)

Answer 25

Muscle invasion

Question 26

Extroversion (glandular metaplasia), urachal remnants, long standing cystitis cystica are risk factors for which type of cancer?

Answer 26

Adenocarcinoma

Question 27

Calculi (squamous metaplasia) and schistosomiasis are risk factors for which type of cancer?

Answer 27

Squamous carcinoma

Question 28

Commonest malignant bladder tumour in children?

Answer 28

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 29

Which benign renal tumour produces renin?

Answer 29

JGCT (juxtaglomerular cell tumour) -Produces renin --> this leads to secondary hypertension!!!

Question 30

Which benign renal tumour is associated with tuberose sclerosis?

Answer 30

Angiomyolipoma

Question 31

Tumour of proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 31

Renal cell carcinoma | -arises from renal tubular epithelium

Question 32

Another name for Wilms' tumour?

Answer 32

Nephroblastoma