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Renal > Adverse drug reactions > Flashcards

Adverse drug reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Type A

A

Augmented pharmacological effects

-dose dependent and predictable

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2
Q

Type B

A

Bizarre effects - dose independent and unpredictable

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3
Q

Type C

A

Chronic effects

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4
Q

Type D

A

Delayed effects

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5
Q

Type E

A

End of treatment effects

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6
Q

Type F

A

Failure of therapy

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7
Q

Type A diuretic effect

A

Pre-renal failure, hypotension, hypovolemia

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8
Q

Type A ACEi/ARB effect?

A

Pre-renal failure, hypotension, hypovolemia

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9
Q

Type A gentamicin effect

A

Renal - ATN

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10
Q

Type A sulphonamide effect

A

Renal - ATN

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11
Q

Type A aspirin effect

A

Renal - ATN

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12
Q

Type A side effect of methysergide and chemotherapy

A

Post renal - retroperitoneal fibrosis, crystaluria, urinary calculi

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13
Q

What is methysergide used to treat?

A

Cluster headaches

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14
Q

Examples of type B drug effects?

A

1) Drug rashes
2) Bone marrow aplasia –Chloramphenicol antibiotic
3) Hepatic necrosis - halothane

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15
Q

Side effect of chloramphenicol (type B)

A

Bone marrow aplasia

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16
Q

Side effect of halothane

A

Hepatic necrosis

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17
Q

Type B reactions and mortality

A

High mortality

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18
Q

Type C effect of steroid therapy

A

Cushings

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19
Q

Type C effect of beta blockers

A

Diabetes

20
Q

Type C effect of NSAIDs

A

Hypertension

21
Q

Type C reactions emphasise the need for what?

A

Drug monitoring

-these effects can be anticipated but the patient MUST be warned before starting therapy!

22
Q

Examples of Type D reactions

A

Secondary malignancies post chemotherapy

Craniofacial abnormalities in children of women taking isotretinoin

23
Q

Delayed side effect of isotretinoin?

A

Craniofacial abnormalities in children of mothers taking isotretinoin

24
Q

Type E Beta blocker effect

A

Angina following rapid withdrawal

  • abrupt withdrawal
  • rebound effects
25
Q

Type E Steroid effect

A

Steroid withdrawal and Addisonian crisis

-loss of physiological “coping”

26
Q

Type E effect of Anticonvulsant withdrawal

A

Changes in epilepsy frequency

-mechanism dependent biological activity

27
Q

Theophylline reacts with…

A

Macrolide abx

28
Q

Statins react with…

A

Statins and macrolides

Statins and fibrates

29
Q

TCAs react with

A

Type 1 anti-arrythmics

30
Q

ACEi and sulfonylureas

A

ACEis increase hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

31
Q

Clopidogrel reacts with…

A

PPIs

32
Q

Grapfruite juice inhibits which enzyme

A

Cyp P450

33
Q

Ginko biloba (used to treat dementia) reacts with which type of drug?

A

Anti-coagulant

34
Q

Saw palmetto is used for BPH, it may react with which type of drug?

A

Anticoagulant

35
Q

Glucosamine is used for OA, it may react with which type of drug

A

Anticoagulant

?hyperglycemia

36
Q

St John’s wort is used for depression, which drug may it interact with?

A

The pill

37
Q

Patients with which disease have an increased risk of drug induced confusion?

A

Parkinsons

38
Q

Which drugs can exacerbate CHF?

A

NSAIDs/COX-2/TZDs

39
Q

Urinary retention in BPH patients can be caused by which type of drug?

A

Anti-cholinergics

40
Q

Constipation is worsened by which drugs?

A

Calcium, anti-cholinergics, CCBs

41
Q

Which drugs lower seizure thresholds?

A

Neuroleptics, tramadol and quinolones

42
Q

Bananas,oranges, green leafy vegetables (K+-rich) interact with

A

ACEis, ARBs, K-sparing diuretics

43
Q

Apples, chickpeas, spinach, nuts, spinach, kiwi, broccoli

Vitamin E & K

A

Warfarin

44
Q

Chicken, turkey, milk, soy,cheese, yogurt (alter PH) – Interacts with:

A

Antibiotics, thyroid meds

Digoxin, diuretics

45
Q

Grapefruit, Apple, Orange, & Cranberry (Cytochrome P450) interact with

A

Statins, anti-histamines

46
Q

Yellow card scheme?

A

Yellow card with suspected drug reactions etc

47
Q

Drug-drug interactions, which part of the BNF would you use to check?

A

Appendix 1

Renal (44 decks)

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