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Renal > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Involves a disorder of glomerular filtration, allowing protein (largely albumin) to appear in the filtrate

A

The Nephrotic syndrome

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2
Q

Why does hepatic cirrhosis with ascites cause oedema?

A

Increased pressure in the hepatic portal vein, combined with decreased production of albumin, causes loss of fluid into the epritoneal cavity and oedema (ascites)

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3
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

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5
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics work?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?

A

Collecting tube

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7
Q

OATs (organic anion transporters) transport which type of drug?

A

Transport acidic drugs

e.g. thiazides and loop agents

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8
Q

OCTs (organic cation transporters) transport which type of drug?

A

Transport basic drugs (e.g. triamterene and amiloride)

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9
Q

Are thiazide and loop diuretics acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

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10
Q

Inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl- carrier by binding to the Cl- site

A

Loop diuretics

e.g. Furosemide and Bumetanide

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11
Q

Furosemide and Bumetanide are which type of diuretic?

A

Loop diuretic

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12
Q

Type of diuretic that also possesses a vasodilator action?

A

Possess an additional, indirect, vasodilator action (mechanism uncertain) that contributes to their effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension (where they are used in combination with other antihypertensive agents

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13
Q

Cause up to 5% of Na+ to be excreted, producing a modest diuresis

A

Thiazide diuretics

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14
Q

The site of action of many diuretics is the _____ membrane of tubular cells?

A

Apical membrane

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15
Q

At the basolateral membrane, organic ions (OA-) are enter the cell by either diffusion, or in exchange for what?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG)

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16
Q

How is alpha-KG transported into a cell?

A

Via an Na+ decarboxylase transporter

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17
Q

MRP2 transports anions or cations?

A

Anions

MRP1 transports cations

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18
Q

Possess an additional, indirect venodilator action (before diuresis) that is beneficial in pulmonary oedema caused by heart failure

A

Loop diuretics

19
Q

Can be used to treat acutely elevated calcium levels in the serum?

A

Loop diuretics
-these also cause excretion of magnesium and calcium

(remember there is a paracellular pathway in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle, where Ca and Mg pass through

20
Q

At the basolateral membrane, how do organic ions enter the cell?

A

Diffusion or in exchange for alpha-KG

21
Q

How is alpha-KG transported into the cell?

A

Via Na+ decarboxylase transporter

22
Q

At the apical membrane, how does OA- enter the lumen

A

Via MRP2 or OAT4 (in exchange for alpha-KG)

23
Q

At the basolateral membrane, how do organic cations enter the cell?

A

Via diffusion or OCT

24
Q

At the apical membrane, how do OC enter the lumen?

A

Via MRP1 or OC+/H+ antiporters

25
Q

Type of diuretic that increases reabsorption of Ca?

A

Thiazide diuretics

26
Q

Type of diuretic used in renal stone disease and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Thiazide diuretic

27
Q

Na+/H+ exchange blocked by what

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

28
Q

Na+/K+/CL- cotransport blocked by what?

A

Loop diuretics

29
Q

Na+/Cl- cotransport blocked by what?

A

Thiazide diuretics

30
Q

Increase excretion of Ca2+ and Mg2+

A

Loop diuretic

31
Q

These drugs also induce renal synthesis of prostaglandins, which contributes to their renal action including the increase in renal blood flow and redistribution of renal cortical blood flow.

A

Loop diuretics

32
Q

Diuretics which could cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loop diuretic

Thiazide diuretic

33
Q

Increase reabsorption of Ca2+

A

Thiazide diuretic

34
Q

Possess venodilator action

A

Loop diuretics

35
Q

Possess vasodilator action

A

Thiazide diuretics

36
Q

Which type of diuretic used in renal stone disease?

A

Thiazide (reduce amount of calcium you are peeing out)

37
Q

Which type of diuretic used in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Thiazide

38
Q

Diuretic which could cause male sexual dysfunction?

A

Thiazide

39
Q

Diuretic which could cause impaired glucose tolerance?

A

Thiazide

40
Q

What type of receptors does aldosterone bind to?

A

Intracellular

41
Q

Why do loop and thiazide diuretics cause potassium loss?

A

Increase Na+ reabsorbed (collecting tubule)

This makes lumen more negative

Membrane depolarised

K+ chucked out into the lumen and washed away

42
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

poor absorption from GI tract

43
Q

Triamterene

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

Renal (44 decks)

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