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Renal > Physiology 4 > Flashcards

Physiology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered?

A

20%

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2
Q

Glomerular filtration rate?

A

125ml/min

= 180 litres per day

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3
Q

Roughy how many times a day is plasma filtered?

A

65

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4
Q

How much glucose reabsorbed?

A

100%

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5
Q

How much urea is reabsorbed?

A

50%

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6
Q

Percentage of amino acids reabsorbed?

A

100%

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7
Q

Rate of fluid getting reabsorbed into the proximal tubule?

A

about 80mil/min

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8
Q

Substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? (SAPSL)

A 
Sugar
Amino acids
Phosphate
Sulphate
Lactate
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9
Q

Substances secreted into the proximal tubule?

A 
H+
Hippurates
Neurotransmitters
Bile pigments
Uric acid
Drugs
Toxins
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10
Q

Energy is directly required to operate the carrier and move the substrate against its concentration gradient

A

Primary active transport

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11
Q

The carrier molecule is transported coupled to the concentration gradient of an ion (usually Na+)

A

Secondary active transport

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12
Q

Passive carrier-mediated transport of a substance down its concentration gradient

A

Facilitated diffusion

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13
Q

Diffusion through the lipid bilayer

A

O2, CO2

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14
Q

Diffusion through channels

A

Na+

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15
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Primary active transport

A

Na+ K+ and the ATP thing

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17
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Na+ and glucose in their little transport thing

18
Q

Percentage of salt and water reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

67%

19
Q

What drives Na+ rabsorption?

A

The basolateral Na+ K+ ATPase

20
Q

Na+ reabsorption also drives reabsorption of what?

A

Cl-

21
Q

How is water reabsorbed?

A

Reabsorbed by osmosis

22
Q

How does glucose move from the lumen into the cell?

A

Cotransport (glucose and Na+)

23
Q

How does glucose move from the cell into the interstitial space?

A

Facilitated diffusion

24
Q

Transport maximum for glucose?

A

about 2mmol/min

25
Q

Which part of the nephron generates a cortico-medullary solute concentration gradient?

A

The loop of henle

-This enables the formation of hypertonic urine

26
Q

This segment does not reabsorb NaCl and is highly permeable to water?

A

Descending limb

27
Q

Along the entire length of the ascending limb Na+ & Cl- are being reabsorbed

A

Ascending limb

28
Q

Thick upper limb of AL, which type of transport?

A

Active transport

29
Q

Thin (lower) AL, which type of transport?

A

Passive transport

30
Q

What type of diuretics block the triple co-transporter?

A

Loop diuretics

31
Q

ISO-OSMOTIC, enters or leaves the tubule?

A

ISO-osmotic LEAVES the proximal tubule

32
Q

HYPO-OSMOTIC, enters or leaves the tubule?

A

Hypo-osmotic ENTERS the distal tubule

33
Q

Urea: how does it pass into the loop of henle and is the distal permeable to it?

A

Passively diffuses into the loop of henle

Distal tubule is not permeable to urea

34
Q

How much urea is absorbed in the collecting duct?

And what promotes this?

A

About 50% urea

ADH promotes this

35
Q

Why is countercurrent multiplication important?

A

To enable the kidney to produce urine of different volume and concentration according to the amounts of circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH = vasopressin)

36
Q

Roughly how much urine do you make per minute?

A

Vu on normal fluid intake = ~1 ml/min

Can be 0.3-25 ml/min

37
Q

Essential blood flow through the medulla tends to wash away NaCl and urea. How is this problem minimised? (3 reasons)

A

Vasa recta capillaries follow hairpin loops
Vasa recta capillaries freely permeable to NaCl and water
Blood flow to vasa recta is low (few juxtamedullary nephrons)

38
Q

Which two components make up the countercurrent system?

A

Countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchanger and the VASA RECTA

39
Q

In which type of nephrons does the vasa recta run alongside?

A

Vasa recta runs in JUXTAGLOMERULAR nephrons

40
Q

The high medullary osmolarity allows the production of hypertonic urine in the presence of _____?

A

In the presence of ADH

Renal (44 decks)

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