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Renal > Pharmacology 3 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics work?

A

Proximal tubule

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2
Q

Name an osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

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3
Q

Where does most isoreabsorption of water take place?

A

Proximal tubule

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4
Q

Do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause an alkalois or acidosis?

A

They cause excretion of HCO3 with Na+, K+ and H20

-cause an ALKALINE diuresis and METABOLIC acidosis will result

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5
Q

Used for prophylaxis of altitude sickness

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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6
Q

Inhibits secretion of vasopressin

A

Ethanol

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7
Q

Enhances secretion of vasopressin

A

Nicotine

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8
Q

Lithium and vasopressin

A

Inhibits

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9
Q

Demeclocycline

A

Blocks effect of vasopressin

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10
Q

What do V1a receptors mediate?

A

Vasoconstriction

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11
Q

What do V2 receptors mediate?

A

H2O resorption in collecting tubule

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12
Q

What happens if you block V2 receptors?

A

Causes excretion of water without accompanying Na+

this then raises plasma Na+ concentration

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13
Q

Competitive antagonists of vasopressin receptors

A

Vaptans

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14
Q

When is tolvaptan used?

A

SIADH

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15
Q

Drug used in SIADH

A

Tolvaptan

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16
Q

Where does reabsorption of glucose take place?

A

Proximal tubule

17
Q

Where is SGLT1 expressed?

A

Intestine and the kidney

18
Q

Where is SGLT2 expressed?

A

Almost exclusively in the proxiaml tubule

19
Q

SGLT2 absorb up to ____ glucose

A

90%

20
Q

SGLT1 absorb up to ____ glucose

A

10%

21
Q

How is glucose reabsored?

A 
Secondary active transport (apical membrane)
Facilitated diffusion (basolateral membrane)
22
Q

SGLT2

A

2 sodium for 1 glucose

23
Q

SGLT1

A

1 sodium for 1 glucose

24
Q

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

A

Inhibitor of SGLT2

25
Q

What do SGLT2 inhibitors cause?

A

Excretion of glucose
Decrease in HbA1c
Weight loss

26
Q

How are prostaglandins formed?

A

Formed from fatty acid arachidonic acid by COX1 and 2

27
Q

Where is PGE2 made?

A

Medulla

28
Q

Where is PGI2 made?

A

Glomeruli

29
Q

When are prostaglandins synthesised?

A

In response to ischaemia, mechanical trauma, angiotensin II, ADH and bradykinin

30
Q

How do prostaglandins affect GFR?

A
  • a direct vasodilator effect upon the afferent arteriole

- release renin = lead to increased levels of angiotensin II that vasoconstricts efferent arteriole

31
Q

Detrimental “triple whammy” effect

A

ACEI, diuretic and NSAID

32
Q

Why do NSAIDs precipitate renal failure?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) inhibit COX and may precipitate acute renal failure (greatly decreased GFR) in conditions where renal blood flow is dependent upon vasodilator prostaglandins (cirrhosis of the liver, heart failure, the nephrotic syndrome)

33
Q

What are probenecid and sulfinpyrazole?

A

Uricosurics

Block reabsorption of urate in proximal tubule

34
Q

How must you administer mannitol?

A

IV (membrane impermeable)

Renal (44 decks)

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