Renal Masses Flashcards
What are the different classes of renal cysts?
1 - simple benign cyst
2 - one or more thin septa running through, thin mural calcifications, fluid contents of increased attenuation, no contrast enhancement
3 - more complicated, thickened septa, nodular areas of calcification, or solid non enhancing areas
4 - malignant, solid enhancing nodules or irregular walls
What is the CT findings of renal abscess and the diff dx thereof?
The central portion of an abscess is of near fluid density and does not demonstrate contrast enhancement, making it more obvious following contrast administration. There is often a thick irregular wall, which enhances together with inflammatory changes in the perinephric space. The presence of gas within a lesion is diagnostic of an abscess but is very rarely seen. The differential diagnosis of these appearances includes renal lymphoma, metastatic disease, renal infarction, and complicated cystic disease.
What is the TNM staging of Renal CA?
Tumour confined to kidney, small < 4 cm T1a
Tumour confined to kidney > 4 cm, < 7 cm T1b
Tumour confined to kidney > 7 cm T2
Tumour spread to perinephric fat t3a
Tumour spread to renal vein or cava T3b
Tumour spread to cava above diaphragm T3c
Tumour spread outside Gerota’s fascia T4
Metastasis in single lymph node N1
Metastasis in more than one lymph node N2
Distant metastasis M1
What are the common sites if renal mets and their appearance on CT?
The commonest primary tumours are bronchial, colorectal, breast, testicular and gynaecological malignancies, and malignant melanoma.
Haematogenous metastases are usually small (< 3 cm), multiple and confined to the cortex
