Contrast Media

Question 1

Give examples of each class of contrast media.

Answer 1

Ionic monomer - diatrozoate, iothalamate
Nonionic monomer - iohexal, iopamidol
ionic dimer - ioxoglate
NonIonic dimer - iotrolan, iodixonal

Question 2

What are risk factors for idiosyncratic reactions?

Answer 2

Previous hx, asthma, atopic, CVS/renal patients, diabetics, b blockers and nsaids, Metformin, thyrotoxic, anxiety

Question 3

Give examples of hyperosmolar reactions.

Answer 3

Red cell damage, endothelial damage, BBB damage, vasodilation, hypervolemia, cardiac depression

Question 4

How does contrast media affect MRI scans?

Answer 4

Positive enhancers that rescues T1 and T2 relaxation, increases signal of t1 weighted MRI and unaffected T2 weighted image

Question 5

What are the properties of contrast media?

Answer 5

3 atoms of iodine, hydrophilic, low lipid solubility, low toxicity, low binging affinities for protein/receptor/membranes, MW less than 2000.

90 percent eliminated by gfr within 12 hours, not therapeutic agents

Question 6

What are the 3 types of adverse reactions?

Answer 6

Idiosyncratic anaphylactoid reactions

Non idio reactions

Combination

Question 7

What are the advantages of LOCM over HOCM?

Answer 7

Less discomfort on IV, less pain IA, less physiological and heamatological changes, fewer adverse reactions