Renal, Heme, and Random Flashcards
What equation is for the urine anion gap?
What equation is for the plasma anion gap?
Urine Anion Gap = Na + K - Cl
Plasma Anion Gap = Na - Cl - HCO3-
When there is a metabolic acidosis, what happens to the urine anion gap? Why
Urine anion gap is negative The equation Na+K-Cl = UAG is used. The increase in acid secretion will increase the Cl indirectly due to an increase in NH4+. Therefore, the UAG is negative
When there is a RTA type 1, what is a hallmark sign on xray and the UAG?
UAG is positive, cannot secrete H+, therefore, there wont be an increase in Cl, therefore, the UAG will be positive There will be bilateral calcium renal stones, usually an autoimmune disease with hypokalemia DDX RTA type IV has hyperkalemia
What drug can cause an increase or ensue a Type 1 RTA, think sketchy?
Amophotericin B, lose K, Mg via the drug, there is one test tube in the sketchy video too
What drug blocks the release of glutamate and norepi? This is used in fibromylagia
pregabalin
What class of drugs are used in Cardio, no effect on AP or ERP, therefore? Not to mention they are not allowed for structurally abnormal hearts What drug of this class is not in first aid?
Class 1c Morioizine
What does milrinone decrease?
afterload and preload
What drug inhibits late sodium currents, reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption?
Ranolazine
What drug, cousin of heparin, can be given in order to not measure PTT?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
What drug only acts on factor Xa, via antithrombin III?
Fondaparinux
what does cilostazol inhibit in the treatment of claudication?
Cyclic AMP phospodiesterase III
lost the ball in baseball sketchy video right hand side
What is the MOA for dipyridamole?
inhibit cyclic GMP phosphosdiesterase
What goes through the opening of T8?
What goes through the opening of T10?
Vena Cava
Oesophagus
What goes through the opening of T12?
name 3
Aortic hiatus
thoracic duct
azygos vein
What is a normal A-a gradient that has hypoxemia?
(Think Respiratory)
High altitude, hypoventilation
What drug can be given for granulocyte colony stimulating factor? This treats neutropenia and neutropenic fever
Filgrastim
What does metformin decrease?
What organ are we worried about with metformin?
gluconeogenesis
kidney
What does Sargramostim do?
GM-CSF, increase monocyte and granulocytes
What does Oprelevekin (IL-11) and Romiplostim do?
Increases thrombopoietin, increase platlet production
What is Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and tolazamide responsible for?
Sulfonylureas
Where does Thiazolidinediones increase stuff?
PPAR-gamma, decrease insulin resistance
What do fibrates increase?
LPL, increase triglyceride clearnance, and PPAR-alpha, best at lowering triglycerides
What does niacin decrease? What is niacin’s big long term effect?
inhibit A-1 breakdown acanthosis nigricans, gout too
When something is cytokeratin and calretinin positive, what am I most likely?
Mesothelioma, psammoma bodies on histology
What drug will not work when the patient is on theophylline?
adenosine
Roflumilast is what kind of drug?
phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4, decrease inflammation
ARDS vs CHF, both xrays look awful, what is the best overall test to use or to have?
PCPW will be normal, despite an xray that looks like the picture provided
If I have diarrhea, pneumonia, and hyponatremia, what am I?
Legionella
What drug is a recombinant form of uricase? not in skethy
rasburicase, treats hyperuricemia, and malignancy
What drug, besides allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, treats hyperuicemia?
Febuxostat, we are not in sketchy
What is pegloticase MOA?
convert uric acid to allantoin, treat chronic gout, this is “Holy water to go” in Catholic Church Sketchy
What is hemostatsis thing is Vasopressin attached too?
factor VIII
What is in the striatum?
What is in the Lentiform?
putamen and caudate
putamen and globus pallidus
