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Exit Notecards > Renal, Heme, and Random > Flashcards

Renal, Heme, and Random Flashcards

1
Q

What equation is for the urine anion gap?

What equation is for the plasma anion gap?

A

Urine Anion Gap = Na + K - Cl

Plasma Anion Gap = Na - Cl - HCO3-

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2
Q

When there is a metabolic acidosis, what happens to the urine anion gap? Why

A

Urine anion gap is negative The equation Na+K-Cl = UAG is used. The increase in acid secretion will increase the Cl indirectly due to an increase in NH4+. Therefore, the UAG is negative

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3
Q

When there is a RTA type 1, what is a hallmark sign on xray and the UAG?

A

UAG is positive, cannot secrete H+, therefore, there wont be an increase in Cl, therefore, the UAG will be positive There will be bilateral calcium renal stones, usually an autoimmune disease with hypokalemia DDX RTA type IV has hyperkalemia

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4
Q

What drug can cause an increase or ensue a Type 1 RTA, think sketchy?

A

Amophotericin B, lose K, Mg via the drug, there is one test tube in the sketchy video too

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5
Q

What drug blocks the release of glutamate and norepi? This is used in fibromylagia

A

pregabalin

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6
Q

What class of drugs are used in Cardio, no effect on AP or ERP, therefore? Not to mention they are not allowed for structurally abnormal hearts What drug of this class is not in first aid?

A

Class 1c Morioizine

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7
Q

What does milrinone decrease?

A

afterload and preload

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8
Q

What drug inhibits late sodium currents, reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption?

A

Ranolazine

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9
Q

What drug, cousin of heparin, can be given in order to not measure PTT?

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

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10
Q

What drug only acts on factor Xa, via antithrombin III?

A

Fondaparinux

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11
Q

what does cilostazol inhibit in the treatment of claudication?

A

Cyclic AMP phospodiesterase III

lost the ball in baseball sketchy video right hand side

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12
Q

What is the MOA for dipyridamole?

A

inhibit cyclic GMP phosphosdiesterase

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13
Q

What goes through the opening of T8?

What goes through the opening of T10?

A

Vena Cava

Oesophagus

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14
Q

What goes through the opening of T12?

name 3

A

Aortic hiatus

thoracic duct

azygos vein

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15
Q

What is a normal A-a gradient that has hypoxemia?

(Think Respiratory)

A

High altitude, hypoventilation

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16
Q

What drug can be given for granulocyte colony stimulating factor? This treats neutropenia and neutropenic fever

A

Filgrastim

17
Q

What does metformin decrease?

What organ are we worried about with metformin?

A

gluconeogenesis

kidney

18
Q

What does Sargramostim do?

A

GM-CSF, increase monocyte and granulocytes

19
Q

What does Oprelevekin (IL-11) and Romiplostim do?

A

Increases thrombopoietin, increase platlet production

20
Q

What is Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and tolazamide responsible for?

A

Sulfonylureas

21
Q

Where does Thiazolidinediones increase stuff?

A

PPAR-gamma, decrease insulin resistance

22
Q

What do fibrates increase?

A

LPL, increase triglyceride clearnance, and PPAR-alpha, best at lowering triglycerides

23
Q

What does niacin decrease? What is niacin’s big long term effect?

A

inhibit A-1 breakdown acanthosis nigricans, gout too

24
Q

When something is cytokeratin and calretinin positive, what am I most likely?

A

Mesothelioma, psammoma bodies on histology

25
Q

What drug will not work when the patient is on theophylline?

A

adenosine

26
Q

Roflumilast is what kind of drug?

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4, decrease inflammation

27
Q

ARDS vs CHF, both xrays look awful, what is the best overall test to use or to have?

A

PCPW will be normal, despite an xray that looks like the picture provided

28
Q

If I have diarrhea, pneumonia, and hyponatremia, what am I?

A

Legionella

29
Q

What drug is a recombinant form of uricase? not in skethy

A

rasburicase, treats hyperuricemia, and malignancy

30
Q

What drug, besides allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, treats hyperuicemia?

A

Febuxostat, we are not in sketchy

31
Q

What is pegloticase MOA?

A

convert uric acid to allantoin, treat chronic gout, this is “Holy water to go” in Catholic Church Sketchy

32
Q

What is hemostatsis thing is Vasopressin attached too?

A

factor VIII

33
Q

What is in the striatum?

What is in the Lentiform?

A

putamen and caudate

putamen and globus pallidus

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