Heme and GI 1A Flashcards
Angiodysplasia is tortuous dilation of vessels, most common cause of small bowel obstruction, right sided, what is other diseases is it associated with?
Aortic Stenosis and vWF disease
CREST Hereditary Hemorrhagic (Osler-Weber-Rendu)
Not in First Aid, put in the back of brain
Hirschsprung has what gene mutation? What genetic disease can cause Hirschsprung?
RET gene mutation Down Syndrome
When I have celiac’s disease, what can heme issue, can I get along with it?
T cell lymphoma Small Bowel Disorder
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease may cause what two things? What are the lab values?
Cirrhosis and HCC ALT > AST
When there are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of damaged keratin filaments? What are the lab values?
Mallory bodies –> alcoholic hepatitis AST > ALT
When there are diffuse bridging fibrosis (via stellate cells) and regenerative fibrosis, what is this? (We are in the Liver)
Cirrhosis
Colorectal cancer what cannot be used for colorectal cancer screening?
CEA
What disease needs 5-aminosalicylic in order to slow disease progression?
Ulcerative Colitis
What is the misfolded gene product in the hepatocellular ER, PAS + globules, this will causes dyspnea without a history of smoking, not to mention liver damage?
alpha 1 anti-trypsin no alpha 1 anti-trypsin uninhibited elastase in alveoli, panacinar emphysema
Neonatal Jaundice: The first 24 hours of life, usually resolves without treatment, most likely?
No UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Neonatal Jaundice: What happens during the first two weeks of life, most likely?
Biliary Atresia
Where do the GI malignancies move too?
Breast and Lung Cancer
What is malignant tumor of endothelial origin, associated with exposure to arsenic, vinyl chloride?
Angiosarcoma of the Liver
What is the most common benign liver tumor?
Cavernous Hemangioma
What two muscles is Zenker Diverticulum?
thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What is acute gastritis with hypovolemia, via burns?
Curling ulcer
What is brain injury, increased vagal stimulation, high Ach, High H+ with acute gastritis?
Cushings Ulcer
What layer has Meissner Cells and secretes fluids?
Submucosa
What layer has Auerbach and motility?
Muscularis Externa
What is an enlarged gallbladder with painless jaundice?
Courvoisier Sign
What does Achlasia not have that causes an issue?
NO and VIP
What is a benign mixed tumor, most common salivary gland tumor, composed of chondromyxoid stroma, can be malignant?
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is the most common malignant tumor, in the mouth?
This has mucinous and squamous components?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
What is a benign tumor with germinal centers that is usually smokers, salivary glands?
Warthin Tumor Also called papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
APC tumor chromosome 5, always in the rectum?
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
What is FAP osseous and soft tissues tumors, skull or mandible, retinal pigment epithelium, impacted/supernumerary teeth?
Gardner Syndrome
What is FAP or lynch syndrome and malignant CNS tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma)?
Turcot Syndrome
Hyperpigment macules through GI tract, along with an increased risk of breast and GI cancers. What is the disease?
What is the gene mutation?
p10, PNET, and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
What is hamartomatous polyps in the colon, stomach, and small bowel, associated with and increase risk of CRC?
Chromosome 5 issue
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
What polyp has mutations of APC and KRAS, and tubular histology with the possibility of becoming neoplastic?
What is a common clinical sign?
Adenomatous Polyps
Occult Bleeding
What is CpG island methylator phenotype issues, can silence DNA mismatch, MMR gene, mutations in BRAF in well, neoplastic, what is this?
Serrated Polyps
What area of the stomach does H. pylori?
What area of the stomach does autoimmune or hits H+/K+ ATPase?
H pylori: Antrum then body
Autoimmune: Body/Fundus
Generally non-neoplastic: solitary lesions do not have significant risk of transformation, normal colonic tissue, with distorted architecture, what is this?
What two things is it associated with?
Hamartomatous Polyps
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome and Juvenile Polyposis
What is the most common polyp, small, rectosigmoid location?
This can also evolve into serrated polyps, what is seen on histology?
Hyperplastic Polyps
Piling up of Goblet Cells
What polyp is due to mucosal erosion in inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory peudopolyps
What is small, usually less than 5 mm, looks similar to normal mucosa, similar to normal mucosa?
Mucosal Polyps
What type of polyps include lipoma, leiomyoma, fibroma, and other lesions?
Submucosal Polyps
What does CHF increase after diagnosis, via the capillary game?
Increases hydrostatic pressure
What is this?
Name 2 conditions this can show up in
Acathocytes (Spur Cells)
Liver Disease
Abetalipoproteinemia (states of cholesterol dysregulation)
What is this?
Name 2 conditions this can show up in
Dacrocytes
Bone Marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis)
Thalassemias
What is this?
Name one condition this shows up in
Degmacytes “bite cells’
G6PD deficiency
What is this?
Name 3 conditions this shows up in
Echinocytes “Burr Cells”
End Stage Renal Disease
Liver Disease
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
DDX: different from acanthocyte; its projections are more uniform and smaller
What is this?
What single disease does this show up in?
Elliptocytes
Hereditary Elliptocytosis, mutation in genes encoding RBC membrane proteins (spectrin)
What is this?
What disease is this usually?
Macro-ovalocytes
Megaloblastic anemia (hypersemented PMNs)
What is this?
What is this seen in?
Sideroblastic anemia, excess iron in mitochondria
Seen inside bone marrow smear with special staining (Prussian blue) only!!!
What is this?
What 6 diseases does this show up in?
(stop whining, you need to know all of them)
Schistocytes
1) Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
2) DIC
3) TTP
4) HUS
5) HELLP Syndrome
6) Mechanical Hemolysis
What is this?
What disease is this?
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell
What is this?
What 2 diseases does this show up in?
Spherocytes
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Drug and Infection induced Hemolytic anemia
What is this?
What 4 diseases does this show up with?
HALT
Target Cells
HbC
Asplenia
Liver Disease
Thalassemia
What is this?
What is associated with?
Name 3
Basophilic Stippling
Sideroblastic Anemia (Lead poisoning)
Myelodsyplastic syndromes
Thalassemias
Basophilic Stippling contains what vs Pappenheimer bodies?
Basophilic Stippling: no Fe, yes ribosomal precipitates
Pappenheimer Bodies: Yes Fe, no ribosomal precipitates
What is this?
What disease is this with?
Heinz Bodies
G6PD Deficiency
When we have Heinz Bodies, what is contained in the phagocytes?
Fe and denatured Hemoglobin
What is this?
What disease/issue is this seen with?
Howell-Jolly Bodies
Hyposplenia or asplenia
LOOK OUT FOR BACTERIA!!!!!!!!!!
What is this?
Excess iron in mitochondria, courtesy of a Bone Marrow smear
Sideroblast with Pappenheimer Bodies
Siderocytes containing Basophilic Granules, has Fe in it
What is monoclonal expansion of plasma cells?
May lead to multiple Myeloma?
No hypercalcemia
No Renal Issues
No Anemia
No Bone Lytic Lesions/Bone Pain
Monoclonal Gammaopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
What is M spike, hyperviscosity syndrome, blurred vision, Raynaud Phenomenon?
No HyperCalcemia
No Renal Involvement
Anemia
No bone Lytic Lesions
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
This is pseudo pelger huet anomaly, what is showen, when is this normally seen?
Bilobed “duet” Neutrophils
commonly seen after chemotherapy
Burkitt lymphoma can take on a pelvis form that is were?
Para-aortic nodes or illelal nodes
Burkitt Lymphoma has t(8;14) what is the oncogene?
What is the path finding?
C-myc with BCL6+
Starry Sky, high mitotic appearance, “tingible body” macrophages
When there is a Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:
What are the cell cycle alteration locations?
What does it progress from?
BCL-2 and BCL-6
Follicular Lymphoma
