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Exit Notecards > Aaron into to path > Flashcards

Aaron into to path Flashcards

1
Q

How do sarcomas spread?

A

Hematogenously

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2
Q

How do carcinomas spread?

A

Lymphatics

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3
Q

What are the four carcinomas that travel in the blood?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and choriocarcinoma

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4
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for keratin, where did it come from?

A

Keratin, dealing with a carcinoma, marker of a cell with an epithelial origin

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5
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for vimentin, where did it come from?

A

Mesenchyme, dealing with a sarcoma

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6
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for Desmin, where did it come from?

A

Muscle

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7
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for GFAP, where did it come from?

A

Neuroglia cells

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8
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for neurofilament, what is staining for?

A

Neurons

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9
Q

When there is a stain that is positive for chromogranin, what does it stain positive for?

A

Neuroendocrine Cells

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10
Q

What is an important catalase positive organism that occurs with granuloma formation?

A

Pseudomonas Cepacia

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11
Q

What is the key component of a granuloma?

A

Epitheloid histiocyte (macrophage, with abundant pink cytoplasm)

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12
Q

What is the respective stain for TB?

A

Auramine-rhodamine stain

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13
Q

If there is a triad of hypoparathyroid, adrenal, and candidia, what is the general issue/gene problem?

FYI: This issue is a gene issue that does not allow for negative selection to occur in thymic medulla

A

Central Tolerance in Thymus

AIRE mutation (autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome)

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14
Q

What disease is associated with anti-U1 RNP?

A

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

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15
Q

If a patient has an autoimmune disease, no tear production and no saliva production, what could we have?

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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16
Q

Limited Scleroderma

When I have CREST syndrome –> limited scleroderma, what things are going to be increased?

A

increased endothelin, anti-centromere antibody

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17
Q

Where are the stem cells of the small and large intestine located?

A

stem cells in the mucosal crypts

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18
Q

What are the three things that show up in granulation tissue courtesy of tissue repair?

A

Fibroblasts (type III collagen) Capillaries (nutrients) Myofibroblasts (contract wound)

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19
Q

TTP, is the result of what enzyme gone bad?

A

Adams 13, cannot cut up vWF multimers

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20
Q

ITP, is an acute issue in kids, due to what?

A

viral illness

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21
Q

Prostaglandin I2, made by the cells helps do what?

A

prevent platelet formation on the cell wall

22
Q

What is a unique cause of renal stenosis in a young female?

A

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

23
Q

What layer of the vessel has become thicker during atherosclerosis?

A

Thickening of the intima

24
Q

Narrowing of the small _________ causes arteriosclerosis

A

arterioles

25
Q

Hyaline arteriosclerosis results due to what two things?

A

Benign Hypertension, Diabetes

26
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis causes hyperplasia of the smooth muscle, what type of path appearance will that cause?

A

Onion Skin appearance –> Malignant Hypertension

27
Q

What two conditions show fibrinoid necrosis?

A

Malignant Hypertension and Vasculitis

28
Q

When some gets endocarditis with underlying colorectal carcinoma, what is the bacteria of choice?

A

S. Bovis

29
Q

What is the one cardiomyopathy that is systolic?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

30
Q

CMV is what inclusions?

Herpes is what inclusions?

A

Intranuclear and Intracytoplasmic –> perinuclear halo

Intranuclear inclusions

31
Q

Cryptospordium parvum and Giardia Lamblia are both resistant to what?

A

Chlorine

32
Q

Malaria have what in the liver?

A

hemozoin in liver

33
Q

RBC, gametocytes are common in what flavor of mosquito?

A

P. Falciform, sausage shape, can occlude capillaries

34
Q

P. olvae and vivax have what via micro form?

A

Schuffer Cells

35
Q

Oil red O stain is positive for what?

A

Large pulmonary embolus

36
Q

What is the marker for lymphangiomas?

A

D2-40

37
Q

Endothelial cells is what bacteria location?

A

Rickettsia

38
Q

E. Vermicularis and A. Lumborcoidies have what?

A

fecal oral transmission

39
Q

Tinea is what other name? What are the other visual signs?

A

Ringworm Hyphae and neutrophils Spaghetti and meatball appearance

40
Q

What is the sign for P. Ovale?

A

comets and Schuffer’s Dots

41
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma?

A

B napthelin, smoking

42
Q

Angiosarcoma has three?

A

Vinyl chloride, agent orange, thorotrust (powder)

43
Q

Schistosomiasis has what things with it?

A

Infections, stones, and indwelling catheter

44
Q

Big cause of Budd Chiari syndrome –> clogging up a hepatic vein?

A

Polycythemia vera

45
Q

High levels of calcium and lysosomal enzymes in the cytosol of the cell are indicative of what?

A

Irreversible damage of the cell

46
Q

What flavor of mosquito has affected RBC but no Schnuffer dots?

A

P. Malariae

47
Q

What tumor, female, has Call-Exner bodies?

A

Granulosa Cell Malignant

48
Q

Yolk Sac Tumor has what bodies?

A

Schiller Duval Bodies malignant

49
Q

Benign tumor, traid of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax, is what?

A

Meigs syndrome

50
Q

What deficiency causes low RBC turnover?

A

Fe, B9, and B12 is low

51
Q

What deficiency causes high RBC turnover?

A

G6PD and Fe supplementation

52
Q

What does Lipoxin A4 and Lipoxin B4 turn off?

A

Inhibition of Inflammation

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