Aaron into to path Flashcards
How do sarcomas spread?
Hematogenously
How do carcinomas spread?
Lymphatics
What are the four carcinomas that travel in the blood?
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and choriocarcinoma
When there is a stain that is positive for keratin, where did it come from?
Keratin, dealing with a carcinoma, marker of a cell with an epithelial origin
When there is a stain that is positive for vimentin, where did it come from?
Mesenchyme, dealing with a sarcoma
When there is a stain that is positive for Desmin, where did it come from?
Muscle
When there is a stain that is positive for GFAP, where did it come from?
Neuroglia cells
When there is a stain that is positive for neurofilament, what is staining for?
Neurons
When there is a stain that is positive for chromogranin, what does it stain positive for?
Neuroendocrine Cells
What is an important catalase positive organism that occurs with granuloma formation?
Pseudomonas Cepacia
What is the key component of a granuloma?
Epitheloid histiocyte (macrophage, with abundant pink cytoplasm)
What is the respective stain for TB?
Auramine-rhodamine stain
If there is a triad of hypoparathyroid, adrenal, and candidia, what is the general issue/gene problem?
FYI: This issue is a gene issue that does not allow for negative selection to occur in thymic medulla
Central Tolerance in Thymus
AIRE mutation (autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome)
What disease is associated with anti-U1 RNP?
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
If a patient has an autoimmune disease, no tear production and no saliva production, what could we have?
Sjogren Syndrome
Limited Scleroderma
When I have CREST syndrome –> limited scleroderma, what things are going to be increased?
increased endothelin, anti-centromere antibody
Where are the stem cells of the small and large intestine located?
stem cells in the mucosal crypts
What are the three things that show up in granulation tissue courtesy of tissue repair?
Fibroblasts (type III collagen) Capillaries (nutrients) Myofibroblasts (contract wound)
TTP, is the result of what enzyme gone bad?
Adams 13, cannot cut up vWF multimers
ITP, is an acute issue in kids, due to what?
viral illness
Prostaglandin I2, made by the cells helps do what?
prevent platelet formation on the cell wall
What is a unique cause of renal stenosis in a young female?
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
What layer of the vessel has become thicker during atherosclerosis?
Thickening of the intima
Narrowing of the small _________ causes arteriosclerosis
arterioles
Hyaline arteriosclerosis results due to what two things?
Benign Hypertension, Diabetes
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis causes hyperplasia of the smooth muscle, what type of path appearance will that cause?
Onion Skin appearance –> Malignant Hypertension
What two conditions show fibrinoid necrosis?
Malignant Hypertension and Vasculitis
When some gets endocarditis with underlying colorectal carcinoma, what is the bacteria of choice?
S. Bovis
What is the one cardiomyopathy that is systolic?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
CMV is what inclusions?
Herpes is what inclusions?
Intranuclear and Intracytoplasmic –> perinuclear halo
Intranuclear inclusions
Cryptospordium parvum and Giardia Lamblia are both resistant to what?
Chlorine
Malaria have what in the liver?
hemozoin in liver
RBC, gametocytes are common in what flavor of mosquito?
P. Falciform, sausage shape, can occlude capillaries
P. olvae and vivax have what via micro form?
Schuffer Cells
Oil red O stain is positive for what?
Large pulmonary embolus
What is the marker for lymphangiomas?
D2-40
Endothelial cells is what bacteria location?
Rickettsia
E. Vermicularis and A. Lumborcoidies have what?
fecal oral transmission
Tinea is what other name? What are the other visual signs?
Ringworm Hyphae and neutrophils Spaghetti and meatball appearance
What is the sign for P. Ovale?
comets and Schuffer’s Dots
Transitional cell carcinoma?
B napthelin, smoking
Angiosarcoma has three?
Vinyl chloride, agent orange, thorotrust (powder)
Schistosomiasis has what things with it?
Infections, stones, and indwelling catheter
Big cause of Budd Chiari syndrome –> clogging up a hepatic vein?
Polycythemia vera
High levels of calcium and lysosomal enzymes in the cytosol of the cell are indicative of what?
Irreversible damage of the cell
What flavor of mosquito has affected RBC but no Schnuffer dots?
P. Malariae
What tumor, female, has Call-Exner bodies?
Granulosa Cell Malignant
Yolk Sac Tumor has what bodies?
Schiller Duval Bodies malignant
Benign tumor, traid of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax, is what?
Meigs syndrome
What deficiency causes low RBC turnover?
Fe, B9, and B12 is low
What deficiency causes high RBC turnover?
G6PD and Fe supplementation
What does Lipoxin A4 and Lipoxin B4 turn off?
Inhibition of Inflammation
