Endocrine

Question 1

Alpha amanitin is what?

Answer 1

found in mushrooms, inhibits RNA polymerase II

Question 2

What is Lyonization?

Answer 2

female carriers variably affected depending on the pattern of inactivation of the X chromosome carrying the mutant vs normal gene

Question 3

Hashimoto Thyroiditis patients are at an increased risk of getting what?

Answer 3

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 4

What is the path issue with Hurthle cells? How does the thyroid feel?

Answer 4

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Non tender

Question 5

A kid with a big tongue and an umbilical hernia, not to mention mental impairment is what?

Answer 5

Cretinism, hypothyroidism

Question 6

What is Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, usually caused by? Is the thyroid painful?

Answer 6

Viral Infection very tender thyroid

Question 7

Riedel Thyroiditis mimics what due to its rock hard fibrosis? Is the thyroid painful?

Answer 7

anaplastic carcinoma, has an IgG4 related systemic disease painless goiter

Question 8

Amiodarone can cause what?

Answer 8

hyperthyroidism

Question 9

Papillary carcinoma, has what path buzz phrase? What are the main causes?

Answer 9

empty appearing nuclei with central clearing (orphan annie eyes)

psammoma bodies childhood irradiation (Tall cell variant, follicular hyperplasia lined by tall epithelial cells

Question 10

Follicular Carcinoma is DDX from an adenoma based on what?

Answer 10

invades thyroid capsule and vasculature, RAS mutation

Pax-8, PPAR-gamma issues

Question 11

What is in the medullary carcinoma path buzz phrase?What does it produce?

Answer 11

amyloid –> congo red RET mutations in the MEN 2A and 2B remember amyloid is polygonal or spindle cell activation something calcitonin

Question 12

What is undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma path findings? What is the DDX?

Answer 12

spindle cell and Giant cell differentiation Reidel’s Thyroiditis

p53

Question 15

What part of the kidney is particularly worrisome with Diabetes Melitus?

Answer 15

Renal efferent arteriosclerosis

Question 16

When we are undergoing DKA, what is one lab value to look at?

Answer 16

phosphate

Question 17

Thyroid and parafollicular cells, C cells make calcitonin, where are they derived from?

Answer 17

endoderm

Question 18

Basophils are what hormones? Acidophils are what hormones?

Answer 18

Basophils: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Acidophils: GH, and PRL

Question 19

After a woman has a child, what is the histology of her thyroid?

Answer 19

lymphocytic infiltrate with occasional germinal center formation

Postpartum thyroiditis

Question 20

What is hypothyroidism has granulomatous inflammation, mixed cellular infiltration with occasional multinucleated giant cells?

Painful or Non-painful?

Answer 20

Subactue Granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain)

Painful

Question 21

What hypothyroid disease has hurthle cells, lymphoid aggregates with germinal cells?

Answer 21

Hasimoto Thyroiditis

Question 22

What disease is the thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue with inflammaotry infiltrate, mimics anaplastic carcinoma?

Answer 22

Riedel Thyroiditis

Question 23

Thyroid, histo of tall, crowded follicular epithelial cells; scalloped colloid?

Answer 23

Graves Disease

Question 24

What is focal patches of hyperfunctioning follicular cells distended with colloid working independently of TSH?

Answer 24

Toxic Multinodular Goiter

Question 25

If I have cold nodules what do I have?

Answer 25

Carcinoma, adenoma

Question 26

Endocrine

AD

Bad G(s) Subunit

Mother imprinting

Shortened 5th digit

High PTH, low Calcium

Answer 26

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Question 27

Endocrine

AD

Bad G(s) alpha unit

Dad imprinting

no shortened digit

Normal PTH/Normal Calcium

Answer 27

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, no PTH end organ resistance

Question 28

Defective G-coupled Ca2+ sensing receptors in multiple tissues, higher than normal Ca, required to suppress PTH, mild hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria, elevated PTH

Answer 28

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia