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Exit Notecards > Aaron intro to Path 1B and Cardio > Flashcards

Aaron intro to Path 1B and Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinomas tend to spread via lymph, what four want to spread via the blood?

A

Follicular Carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Hepatcellular Carcinoma Choriocarcinoma

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2
Q

Blastomycosis can affect what type of people?

A

Immunocompetent

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3
Q

How does Coccidiodidomycosis stay alive?

A

Phagosome/Lysosome fusion

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4
Q

When it comes to the fungi, what lives at 37 degrees? 25 degrees?

A

Yeast Mold

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5
Q

What virus has the Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells?

A

Measles pneumonia

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6
Q

What does EBV have, cell signaling?

A

overexpression of c-myc

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7
Q

What lovely disease appears from the PCT?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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8
Q

If we have antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3, and a positive Nikolsky sign, what am I?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

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9
Q

What disease is an antibody for BPAG2, contains eosinophils, has a ribbon candy IF pattern?

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

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10
Q

What disease is superficial damage, desmoglein 1?

A

Pemphigoid Foliaceus

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11
Q

If i have conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis, what disease might we be?

A

Reiter Syndrome, reactive arthritis

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12
Q

What is centriacinar associated with? What is panacinar associated with?

A

Smoking, upper lobes Emphysema, liver cirrhosis

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13
Q

Where do the benign cells of Renal Oncocytoma originate from?

A

Collecting ducts

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14
Q

What is bladder cancer, kidney stones, in urine? What is acute cystitis, in urine?

A

Hematuria, no casts Pyuria, no casts

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15
Q

What is fatty casts, associated with the “Maltese cross”?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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16
Q

What does Prostaglandin E2 do?

A

Temperature controlling mechanism

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17
Q

What has anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody) and anti-RNA polymerase III? What has anti-centromere antibody?

A

Diffuse Scleroderma Limited Scleroderma: CREST syndrome

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18
Q

Where does polymyositis attack? Where does dermatomyositis attack?

A

Endomysial Inflammation Perimysial inflammation

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19
Q

What are markers for polymyositis or Dermatomyositis?

A

High CK, ANA, anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, and anti-Mi-2

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20
Q

What disease has a CGG repeat, bad FMR1 gene, hypermethylation?

A

Fragile X Syndrome

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21
Q

What is the Huntington’s Disease repeat? What is the Myotonic Dystrophy repeat?

A

CAG (Caudate has low ACh and GABA) CTG (Cataracts, Toupee, and Gonadal atrophy)

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22
Q

What is the Friedreich ataxia repeat?

A

Ataxic GAA

23
Q

When the plasma membrane gets damaged what lab value goes up?

A

Creatine Kinase

24
Q

What phase does an primary oocyte sit in waiting to ovulate? What phrase does a secondary oocyte sit waiting to be fertilization?

A

Prophase I Meiosis I Metaphase II Meiosis II

25
Q

What is hypotension, distended neck veins, and distant heart sounds?

A

Beck’s triad

26
Q

What disease has Beck’s triad, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, and electrical alternans?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

27
Q

Pulsus paradoxus has a drop in amplitude of BP > 10 mmHg during inspiration in what diseases?

Name 5 diseases

A

Asthma, tamponade, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup

28
Q

What is endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate?

A

Loffler Syndrome

29
Q

Cushing reflex has a triad of what three things? Why does this happen?

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression Increased ICP, terminal stage of brain injury, eventual herniation

30
Q

What is an autosomal dominant disease with long QT syndrome, pure cardiac phenotype, and no deafness?

A

Romano-Ward Syndrome

Delayed K rectifer channel

31
Q

What disease is autosomal recessive long QT syndrome, sensorineural deafness?

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome

32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathies, right atrial, or ventricular tumors can be identified by what measured sign?

A

Kussmaul Sign, increase of JVP on inspiration instead of a normal drop in BP

33
Q

What is the depression between the brain and the pericardium, embryo called? Why is that important?

What is the embryo section that is responsible for the mouth?

A

stomodeum precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

prechordal plate

34
Q

What drug has a low clearance with verapmil, amiodarone, quinidine?

A

Digoxin

35
Q

IL-10 is big for what? IL-5 is big for what?

A

regulatory T cells

IgA and Eosinophils

36
Q

What embryonic structure makes the spleen?

A

mesoderm

37
Q

Thyroid and parafollicular cells, C cells make calcitonin, where are they derived from?

A

endoderm

38
Q

What step does aminocaproic acid inhibit?

A

Plasminogen to Plasmin

Anti-fibrinolytic

39
Q

Immune Dysfunction

low platlets

Eczema

what is this triad?

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

40
Q

Aortic Stenosis

GI bleeding

Overactive ADAM13

fixed with A.S. surgery, what is this?

A

Heyde Syndrome, stenotic valve casues uncoiling of vWF, via stenotic valve

This was in a B and Beyond video

41
Q

What can reverse dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

42
Q

What are the two big things for buffering an acidic solution?

A

Phosphate and Ammonium

43
Q

Beta blockers

Selective

Non selective

Where in the alphabet do things line up

A

Selective: A-N

Non selective: M-Z

44
Q

What two beta blockers are alpha and beta antagonists?

A

Labetalol and Carvedilol

45
Q

What big things are Metoprolol and Esmolol used for?

A

decrease AV conduction velocity

46
Q

What beta blocker decreases aqueous humor production?

What decreases hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal hypertension?

A

Timolol

Nadolol and Propranolol

47
Q

What is a nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absoprtion from the GI tract?

A

Sevelamer

48
Q

What is an active form of vitamin D that treats hypocalcemia?

A

Calcitrol

49
Q

What inhibits the late phase of sodium current reducing diastolic wall tension and oxygen consumption?

A

Ranolazine

50
Q

What is a selective PDE-3 inhibitor, for heart failure?

A

Milrinone

51
Q

What drug blocks neprilysin a metaloprotease that breaks down naturiuretic peptides?

A

Sacubitril

52
Q

Hereditary Hemorrhagic telangiectasia is also known as what?

What are a few symptoms?

A

Skin and Mucous membranes, recurrent epistaxis

53
Q

Arteriosclerosis is what size arteries?

Atherosclerosis is what size arteries?

A

small/medium

large/medium

54
Q

Cardiac tamponade, what equals out across the board?

A

Diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers

Exit Notecards (29 decks)

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