Renal Calculi Flashcards
what are renal calculi
kidney stones
what is another word to call kidney stones
nephrolithiasis
higher incidence in men or women?
men dt BPH ?
Etiology
complex interaction
3 factors in the complex interactions
structural changes
increase solutes in the blood/urine
dietary and metabolic factors
Patho
increase in solutes/urine status - precipitators in the urine - nucleus = crystalization
what inhibits crystallization
kidney proteins
4 types of stones
calcium
cystine
uric acid
magnesium ammonium phosphate
what does the stag horn calculi cause
non colicky pain
distention of renal pelvis and calyces
Manifestations
severe renal colic
ureter spasms = pain
non colicky pain
nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis
Diagnosis
Pain US CT IVP (intravenous pyelogram) contrast med in vein until reaches obstruction urinalysis
Treatment
90% passed in less than 5mm
morphine for pain gravol for nausea antispasmodic: buscopan treat cause (dietary) increase fluid uptake surgery - lithotripsy (high frequency sound waves)