Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What causes reversible episodes of a/w obstruction

A

inflammation and hyperactivity

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2
Q

What causes chronic inflammation of the a/w

A

hyper responsive airway and recurrent, reversible bronchospasms

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3
Q

Aetiology of Asthma

A

complex trait (genetic component with an environmental factor

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4
Q

What brings about episode of asthma

A

HS to stimuli such as allergens, cold, exercise, odours

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5
Q

Patho of Asthma

A

Trigger - increase HS - 2 phased response

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6
Q

What are the two phases called

A

Acute- phase response and Late-phase response

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7
Q

What happens when exposure to an allergen occurs in the Acute-phase response?

A

allergen binds to IgE on the mast cell - mast cell degranulates - meditators are release - inflammation occurs

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8
Q

How do allergens enter the submucosa

A

intercellular junctions open

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9
Q

what causes edema of the airway

A

increased permeability and increased mucus secretions

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10
Q

bronchospasm is stimulated by what ?

A

PNS

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11
Q

Late-Phase Response: peaks and lasts how long ?

A

peaks 4-8hrs and lasts days to weeks

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12
Q

late-phase is a what kind of cycle?

A

self sustaining cycle of exacerbation

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13
Q

an influx of inflammation cells causes what?

A

epithelial damage, decrease mucocilliary function, hyper responsive airway (now responds to new triggers more frequent and severe)

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14
Q

Bronchoconstriction via BLANK

A

alpha adrenergic receptors

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15
Q

Bronchodilation via BLANK

A

beta adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

also via what kind of second messengers

A

cAMP messengers

17
Q

theory behind asthma?

A

that there is a lack of beta adrenergic receptor stimulation

18
Q

Manifestations of Asthma

A

Dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, immobilization, increase resp effort, ventilation compromised

19
Q

Diagnosis

A

Hx, Px, labs (ABGs), pulmonary function tests, inhalation challenge tests (determine potential allergens if HS to)

20
Q

Treatment

A

Control with minimal meds
1. inhaled short acting bronchodilators
2. add inhaled steroid
3. add long acting bronchodilator to steroid
4. short course steroid
Leukotriene receptor antagonist/ theophylline