Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology and Risk if Breast Cancer

A

increased prevalence with age
genetic predisposition
Hereditary
Hormonal Factors

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2
Q

explain the aetiology behind BC being hereditary

A

there are two genes that are breast cancer causing

  • BRCA1 gene on chr 17
  • BRCA2 gene on chr 13
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3
Q

explain the aetiology behind BC being related to hormonal factors

A

increased time with E and P

  • early menarche
  • late menopause
  • exogenous E (taken with menopause)
  • nulliparity (no months taken off from having E)
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4
Q

what are the most common areas that will have BCA

A

the upper out region is the most common (tail of spence in the axillary region)
and then the areolar are

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5
Q

what are the common types of BCA

A
  • Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
  • Ductal Carcinoma in SITU
  • Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
  • Medullary Carcinoma
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6
Q

Patho of Ductal Carcinoma in SITU

A

proliferation of malignant cells within the milk ducts (intraductal)
does not invade surrounding area
considered a stage 0 d/t not being invasive

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7
Q

Patho of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

A
most common form of BCA
arises from DCIS and invades
forms a solid irregular mass
proximal met to the axillary lymph nodes
distal met to the liver, brain, bone
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8
Q

Manifestations

A
usually unilateral
fixed irregular mass
LATE
-discharge
-retraction
-edema
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9
Q

Diagnosis

A

Screening Tool: mammogram
self examinations
tumor serum markers (carcinoembryonic: has a role in cell adhesion so always present just elevated)
Biopdy

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10
Q

Treatment

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Hormones

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11
Q

Describe the treatment to do with hormones

A

look for E and P receptors

  • Anti E (tamoxifen)
  • increase E doses to down regulate
  • use androgens and progestins
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12
Q

Describe the types of surgery used

A

Lumpectomy
Quadrantectomy
Mastectomy

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13
Q

When do you give chemotherapy

A

before and after surgery

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