Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reaccurance rate of a pulmonary embolism

A

10%

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2
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism

A

thrombus in pulmonary vessel (artery)

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3
Q

PE are usually caused from

A

DVTs

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4
Q

Where are these DVTs commonly found

A

iliac, popliteal, femoral

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5
Q

thrombus can also be caused by

A

fat (fracture through the bone marrow)
air (iatrogenic)
particles (from amniotic fluid during delivery)

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6
Q

Main patho of a PE

A

DVT - becomes an embolus - and then becomes a thrombus in the arterial bed of the lungs - causes impaired perfusion - hypoxemia

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7
Q

How does hemodynamic instability occur

A

platelets degranulate - bronchial/ pulmonary constrictions = hemodynamic instability (inadequate blood pressure)

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8
Q

Why does a decrease CO occur

A

dt decreased input to the L atrium

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9
Q

What does ischemia cause in an PE

A

kills the surfactant producing cells - causing atelectasis - and right sided HF dt having to pump against the thrombus

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10
Q

Manifestations

A

Chest pain (ischemia)
Tachypnea (compensatory)
Dyspnea
Tachycardia

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11
Q

what serum markers are used to diagnosis a pulmonary embolism

A

serum markers for infarction (LDH3)

lactate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

Describe the lung scan used for diagnosis in pulmonary embolism

A

uses 131 I-HSA (human serum albumin) to detect thrombus. its a radioactive marker that stops when reaches a thrombus

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13
Q

Other diagnostics for diagnosis

A
Hx
Px
ABGs
Chest CT
pulmonary angiogram (invasive)
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14
Q

Treatment

A

Stat treatment
Anticoagulants and thrombolytics
maintain cardiopulmonary function to avoid shock

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