Renal anomalies Flashcards
1
Q
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease:
A
- Seen after 24 weeks on ultrasound
- Has normal kidney shape
- +/- bladder and oligohydramnios
- Variable renal function
- Genetic testing for PKHD
2
Q
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease:
A
- Typically normal ultrasound
- May present with enlarged kidney that is echogenic
- Have parents imaged for their kidneys
3
Q
Multicystic dysplastic kidney:
A
- Kidney is replaced by multiple (non-communicating) cysts of variable size
- Oligohydramnios and lack of bladder if bilateral
- 14% risk of anomalies if isolated and bilateral
4
Q
Urinary tract dilation:
A
Prior to 28 weeks: 4-7mm abnormal (UTD 1)
Prior to 28 weeks and greater than 7mm (UTD 2-3)
After 28 weeks: 7-10mm abnormal (UTD Type 1)
After 28 weeks and greater than 10 (UTD Type 2-3)
2.8 likelihood ratio for down syndrome
Calyceal dilation and greater than 10mm will likely need surgery
5
Q
Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJ):
A
- Bear claw appearance
- The calyces that communicate with the renal pelvis (unlike multicystic dysplastic kidney)
6
Q
Vesico-ureteral obstruction:
A
- see mild to moderate hydronephrosis
- large bladder
- large ureter
7
Q
Bladder outlet obstruction:
A
- Keyhole sign on ultrasound, megacystitis
- typically seen in male
- oligohydramnios
- several bladder taps to assess for normal functioning kidneys
- shunt if normal levels of sodium, calcium and beta 2 microglobulin
If female think MMIHS Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (megacystitis with polyhydramnios)
