Renal Flashcards
most common nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
Mx of minimal change
steroids
IgA nephropathy
Bergers sydnrome
Nephritic syndrome 1-2 days after a URTI
Post strep glomerulonephritis
Nephritic syndrome 1-2 weeks after URTI
goodpastures
Anti GBM antibodies against type 4 collagen
Px: heaemoptysis (lung haemorrhage) + nephritic syndrome
Alports
defect in gene for type 4 collagen
Px: renal failure, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa
renal biopsy in alports
splitting of the lamina dense shows a basket weave appearance
haemolytic uremic syndrome
caused by shiga toxin ( e coli 0157 / shigella)
AKI + thrombocytopenia + haemolytic anaemia)
henoch schlonhein purpura
abdominal pain
arthalgia
non-blanching rash
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis / wegener’s
URT = saddle shaped nose deformity, epistaxis
LRT = haemoptysis
Renal failure
cANCA!!!!!!
Churg strauss (eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangitis)
Asthma
Rash
Renal failure
pANCA!!!!!!!
pain radiating from loin to groin
renal stones
what drugs cause AKI
diuretics, aminoglycosides, metformin, NSAIDs, lithium, ACEis, ARBS, digoxin
fever, uncontrollable shaking, flank/abdominal tenderness
gas in the renal parenchyma
pyelonephritis
antibiotics of choice for UTI in pregnancy
nitrofurantoin
acute tubular necrosis is caused by:
drugs (aminoglycosides, NSAIDs), radiocontrast
acute interstitial nephritis is caused by:
hypersensitivity, rheumatological conditions
Mx of pyelonephritis
IV gentamicin / ciprofloxacin
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
indications of acute dialysis
AEIOU
acidosis (<7.2)
electrolyte abnormalities (refractory hyperkalaemia)
intoxication e.g. alcohol, lithium
overload (fluid)
uremia (encephalopathy)
chronic reflux nephropathy
kidney scarring resulting from vesico-ureteric reflux
chronic UTIs in childhood
scarring and reduced size in one kidney
raised creatinine and hypertension
gold standard Dx for kidney stones
CT KUB
pathophis of type 1,2,4 renal tubular acidosis
(Distal) Type 1 = cannot excrete H+
hypokalemia, severe acidosis
(Proximal) Type 2 = cannot absorb HCO3-
hypokalemia, less acidosis
Type 4 = reduced aldosterone function
hyperkalemia, no significant acidosis
fanconi syndrome
Fanconi Sydnrome = proximal tubule dysfunction leading to poor electrolyte absorption
hypokalemia, acidosis
proteinuria, glycosuria
persisten hypertension not responding to ACEi
renal artery stenosis
more common in older people