ENT Flashcards

1
Q

presbycusis

A

aging of the cochlea hair cells + auditory system
bilateral hearing loss

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2
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannoma seen alongside what condition?

A

neurofibromatosis 2

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3
Q

unilateral hearing loss and painless discharge

A

cholesteatoma

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4
Q

unilateral parotid gland swelling, facial nerve palsy, facial pain

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

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5
Q

tinnitus, aural fullness, deafness, vertigo in episodes

A

menieres

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6
Q

hearing loss improved when there is background noise

A

otosclerosis

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7
Q

Px of otosclerosis

A

conductive hearing loss, tinnitus. their voice sounds louder than it is. better hearing when there is lots of background noise

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8
Q

when do you give ABs in otitis media

A

when it hasn’t resolved after 3 days. 5-7 days of amoxicillin

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9
Q

mild otitis externa treatment

A

acetic acid 2% drops

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10
Q

moderate otitis externa Mx

A

gentamicin + hydrocortisone drops (NOT IF THEY HAVE GROMMETS/PERFORATED EARDRUM)

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11
Q

in Pts with BPPV what do you see in the dix-hallpike test

A

rotational nystagmus

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12
Q

at home treatment for BPPV

A

Brandt-Daroff exercises

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13
Q

labyrinthitis vs vestibular neuronitis

A

labrynthitis = loss of hearing, tinnitus

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14
Q

thyroglossal cyst

A

midline swelling, moves on tongue protrusion

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15
Q

branchial cyst

A

lateral swelling, doesn’t move on tongue protrusion

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16
Q

bilateral cherry red swelling after trauma to the nose
what? Mx?

A

septal haematoma
emergency incision and drainage (can lead to irreversible septal perforation and necrosis if its untreated)

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17
Q

thin watery secretions from nose, trauma

A

CSF rhinorrhoea

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18
Q

hearing loss in viral labyrinthitis or in vestibular neuronitis?

A

viral labrynthitis

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19
Q

peritonsillar abscess Px

A

sore throat, painful swallowing
deviated uvula

20
Q

BPPV Px

A

vertigo, vomiting, nausea when the pt turns his head

21
Q

Mx of Menieres

A

betahistine to prevent
prochlorperazine when the episodes happen

22
Q

Px of vestibular schwannoma

A

tumour of CN8
unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus
vertigo
facial palsy
absent corneal reflex

23
Q

Mx of epistaxis

A
  1. hold head down for 20 mins
  2. posterior packing OR anterior silver nitrate cautery
  3. embolisation of the sphenopalatine artery (Little’s area)
24
Q

Dx of acoustic neuroma

25
cystic hygroma
neck lump that appears in infancy does not trans-illuminate in the posterior triangle of the neck
26
Px of sialolithiasis
stone in the salivary gland pain around salivary gland pain reproduced upon production of saliva (e.g. squeezing lemon juice in mouth)
27
feeling of lump in throat with no underlying pathology Mx?
globus drinking lots of water, sniffing out, stress reduction
28
vocal cord nodules Px and Mx
hoarse voice found in singers (voice abuse) Mx: vocal rest, speech therapy
29
most common cause of hypercalcemia
parathyroid adenoma
30
damage to what nerve causes hoarse voice
recurrent laryngeal nerve
31
oral hairy leukoplakia cause, Px and Mx
Epstein Barr virus found in severely immunosuppressed patients (untreated HIV) shaggy, irregular border, white, can't be scraped off nothing really to Mx
32
Px of aphthous ulcer Mx
well demarcated lesion, painful, acute onset Mx: topical steroids and analgesia
33
unexplained sudden sensorineural hearing loss Mx
MR HEAD Ent emergency
34
damage to what nerve causes inability to alter pitch of voice
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (cricothyroid muscle)
35
oral thrush Mx
nystatin (anti fungal)
36
management of small vs large vestibular schwannoma
small: fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy large: translabrynthine approach surgery
37
laryngeal papillomatosis cause, Px, Mx
rare disease in children characterised by benign tumour (papilla) formation in the aero digestive tract. it is recurrent. hoarse, gruff voice Mx: microlaryngoscopy and biopsy (have to do many times) Caused by HPV
38
most common cause of malignant otitis externa
pseudomonas immunocompromised peopl
39
indications for tonsillectomy
if episodes of tonsillitis prevent normal function 7/year for a year 5/year for two years 3/year for 3 years
40
webers test lateralises to one ear, what does it mean with regards to a conductive hearing loss or sensorineural hearing loss
lateralises to one ear that ear could have a conductive hearing loss or the other ear could have a sensorineural hearing loss
41
a positive Rinne's means....
air > bone normal people
42
which test should be done first: weber or rinne
weber
43
when can you get a false negative rinne
severe sensorineural hearing loss vibrations are transmitted to the other ear and heard better through bone
44
Mx of cholesteatoma
ENT out patient clinic micro suction
45
CENTOR criteria
1. absent cough 2. tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 3. exudate on tonsils 4. fever >38
46
when should ABx be given according to Centor score
centor score >3 = phenoxymethylpenicillin
47
Mx of quinsy: 3 steps
1. IV antibiotics 2. surgical drainage 3. tonsillectomy in 6 weeks