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AMK > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

colles fracture

A

outstretched hand

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2
Q

smith fracture

A

back of flexed/inward hand

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3
Q

sign of a scaphoid fracture

A

(outstretched hand)
pain on palpation of the anatomical snuffbox

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4
Q

intra-articular two part fracture of the first metacarpal

A

bennett fracture

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5
Q

intra-articular comminuted fracture of the first metacarpal

A

rolando fracture

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6
Q

pain/swelling over the 4/5th metacarpal

A

suspect Boxer’s fracture

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7
Q

shoulder dislocation
humeral head is anterior, medial to normal position
loss of rounded shoulders

A

anterior dislocation (most common)

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8
Q

Phalen’s test

A

flexing the wrist and holding it like that
if positive: parasthesia in median nerve
used to test for Carpal tunnel syndrome

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9
Q

Tinels test

A

lightly tapping median nerve to elicit parasthesia
used to test for Carpal tunnel syndrome

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10
Q

progressive shoulder pain AND stiffness
reduced movement especially external rotation

A

frozen shoulder
adhesive capsulitis

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11
Q

pain on overhead activities
if drop arm test is + =
if - =

A

+ = rotator cuff tear
- = rotator cuff tendonitis

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12
Q

warm painful lump on thigh
systemic symptoms
adolescent male

A

Ewings sarcoma

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13
Q

imaging on ewings sarcoma

A

onion peel periosteal reaction

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14
Q

warm painful swollen knee
adolescent

A

osteosarcoma

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15
Q

imaging on osteosarcoma

A

sunburst appearance periosteal reaction

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16
Q

imaging on chondrosarcoma

A

fluffy popcorn calcification

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17
Q

osteoporosis Px, Ix, Mx

A

osteopenic disorder causing fragility fractures
DEXA score < -2.5
lifestyle changes, bisphosphonates

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18
Q

bisphosphonates MOA

A

inhibits an enzyme that allows osteoclasts to attach to the bone

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19
Q

osteopenia score on DEXA scan

A

-1 - -2.5

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20
Q

osteomalacia, bone profile results

A

vitamin d / phosphate deficiency

low calcium, low phosphate.
raised ALP, raised PTH

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21
Q

osteomalacia vs rickets

A

similar bone profile results
Rickets is a bone development disorder affecting children

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22
Q

Rickets px

A

frontal bossing
thickened wrists
bowed legs
delayed growth

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23
Q

deformity of bones, weakening
normal bone profile except isolated raised ALP
what is this???

A

Paget’s disease

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24
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta PX

A

weak, brittle bones
blue sclera
hearing loss

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25
proximal vs distal biceps tendon rupture
proximal = painless, retains function, manage conservatively distal = painful, no function, surgery required
26
12 year old boy, limp, pain in the thigh. leg is held externally rotated obese, hypothyroidism minor trauma 2 months ago
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
27
Ix and Mx of SUFE
X ray Mx: surgery to correct femoral head position
28
3 common osteoporotic fractures
vertebral wedge fracture Colles (wrist) fracture neck of femur (hip) fracture
29
risk factors for osteoporosis
SHATTERED FAMILY steroid use hyperthyroidism alcohol low testosterone thin erosive bone disorder renal failure early menopause diet family history
30
male adolescent, sporty, unilateral anterior knee pain. have to stop and rest frequently. chronic. what and Mx ????
Osgood-Schlatter disease Mx: analgesia, modify activites
31
elbow pain, works as a carpenter (repetitive movements) relieved by rest +ve Cozens test
lateral epicondylitis
32
classic triad of fat embolus
confusion hypoxemia petechial rash
33
posterior hip dislocation Px what nerve is injuried and effect
internally rotated slightly flexed and adducted sciatic nerve injury reduced sensation in foot, posterior leg weakness in foot dorsiflexion
34
anterior hip dislocation Px what nerve is damaged and effect
externally rotated slightly flexed, abducted femoral nerve injury impaired knee extensor function, sensory loss over femoral area
35
femur fracture Px
shortened leg, externally rotated
36
central retinal vein occlusion fundoscopy
stormy sunset (retinal hyperaemia & haemorrhages)
37
central retinal artery occlusion fundoscopy
pale retina with a cherry red spot
38
Px of carpal tunnel syndrome
numbness, tingling, pain in hand during night
39
Lateral epicondylitis Px
Pain upon resisted wrist extension Pain upon passive wrist flexion Point tenderness of the lateral epicondyle Pain on outer part of elbow
40
fall on outstretched hand radial fracture dislocation of the radio-ulnar joint
galaezzi fracture-dislocation
41
child's displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus MX?
reduction under anaesthesia pin fixation apply a. collar and cuff while arm is flexed
42
what level of vertebral fracture is associated with osteoporosis
below T4
43
what muscles are involved in shoulder abduction at what degrees
0-15: supraspinatus (rotator cuff) 15-90: deltoid 90-180: trapezius + serrates anterior (pulls scapula up)
44
decision to perform X ray on ankle is based on....
Ottawa ankle rules - inability to weight bear -point tenderness at posterior edge of lateral/medial malleolus
45
red flags for back pain
thoracic pain new onset pain in <20 or >55 progressive neurological deficit bladder or bowel dysfunction
46
supracondylar fractures cause damage to what nerve what is the effect
median nerve loss of sensation to palmar aspect of 1st and 2nd fingers (can't make a fist - hand of benediction) weakened wrist flexion
47
mid humerus shaft fractures cause damage to what nerve what is the effect
radial nerve wrist drop poor extension of forearm
48
medial humeral epicondyle injury causes damage to what nerve what is the effect
ulnar nerve injury loss of sensation to fifth finger
49
what vertebral level is spine of scapula
t3
50
what vertebral level is superior aspect of iliac crest
l4
51
dupuytrens contracture
caused by tendon thickenings fingers will curl into hands Risk factors: alcohol, smoking, hand trauma
52
McMurray test
patient lays flat on bed, knee bent proximal hand holds the knee distal hand extends it, internally and then externally rotates it test for meniscal tears
53
imaging modality for suspected meniscal tears
MRI
54
potts disease Px and Mx
spinal tuberculosis most common extra pulmonary manifestation of TB Px: back pain, issues with mobility, reduced bladder/bowel function -> this stems from the increased load on the vertebral column Mx: TB drugs + spinal immobilisation
55
What is osgood schlatter disease
knee pain in athletically immature child traction of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle (happens during growth spurt)
56
skiiers/gamekeepers thumb Px
tear of the ulnar collateral ligament occurs on forceful abduction of the thumb weak pincer grip
57
de quervains tenosynovitis
idiopathic inflammation of the extensor pollicus brevis and the abductor pollicus longus
58
how to do posterior drawer test + indicates ?
palpate the joint line with the patient lying supine and knee flexed at 90degrees push the tibia back posteriorly in an explosive movement + test = PCL tear
59
management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
in situ screw fixation
60
rickets bone profile results
low vit D low Ca Low PO high ALP high PTH
61
osteoporosis bone profile results
normal all
62
malignant hypercalcemia bone profile results
high Ca low PO high ALP high PTH
63
hyperparathyroidism bone profile results
high Ca low PO high PTH high ALP
64
pagets disease bone profile results
normal Ca normal PO high ALP normal PTH
65
how does spinal cord injury present initially
flaccid limb paralysis below the level of the lesion + autonomic features (bradycardia, hypotension) this wears off then presents with upper motor signs: hyperreflexia, spasciticty
66
reactive arthritis px and causes
urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis causes: chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter
67
autonomic dysreflexia cause, assoc, px
occurs in spinal cord lesions above t6 it is caused by a reaction below the spinal lesion e.g. UTI, full bladder, changing catheter Px: bradycardia, or tachy, severe hypertension, sweating, flushinh
68
in what joints do bunions appear
metatarsophalangeal
69
3 types of ankle fractures and how to manage
Weber A: fracture of fibula below the level of the syndesmosis Weber B: fracture at the level of the syndesmosis Weber C: fracture above the syndesmosis Weber C can also px with diastasis of fibula and talus displacement Mx: Weber A = below knee cast Weber B + C = ORIF, plates + screws
70
mx of hip dislocation
reduced under GA within 4 hrs
71
fat embolism px
fever resp : hypoxia, neurological: confusion petechial rash
72
4 risk factors for congenital hip dislocation
1. breech presentation 2. oligohydramnios 3. first born 4. female gender
73
Pain on the radial side of the wrist/tenderness over the radial styloid process
suspect de quervains tenosynovitis
74
scaphoid fracture suspected, imaging inconclusive what to do
wrist splint follow up in 7 days
75
late sign of cauda equina
urinary incontinence
76
Twisting sporting injuries followed by delayed onset of knee swelling and locking
meniscal tear
77
During a tackle he is twisted with his knee flexed. He hears a loud crack and his knee rapidly becomes swollen
ACL rupture
78
salter harris classification
type 1 = Straight across epiphyseal plate type 2 = Above the epiphysis type 3 = Lower than the epiphysis type 4 = Through the epiphysis type 5 = ERasure of the growth plate
79
Urate lowering therapy
allopurinol with colchicine cover

AMK (30 decks)

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