Oncology Flashcards
What is used to stage colorectal cancer
Dukes classification
A limited to bowel wall
B extends beyond the bowel wall
C lymph node
D distant metastasis
electrolyte abnormalities after chemotherapy
tumour lysis syndrome
Mx of tumour lysis syndrome
prophylactic allopurinol
Rasburicase to correct hyperuricaemia
Correct electrolyte abnormalities
features of sepsis after chemo, Mx
neutropenic sepsis. pip taz
mx of spinal cord compression
compression at a single level: neurosurgical decompression
compression at multiple levels: radiotherapy
hypercalcemia of malignancy mx
Iv sodium chloride 0.9%
Hyoscine butylbromide indications
Intestinal colic
Respiratory secretions
Gabapentin indications palliative care
Neuropathic pain
Mx of uncontrolled pain from bony metastasis
IV bisphosphonate e.g, ibandronate
lambert eaton syndrome associated with
carcinoma of bronchus
managment of anxiety and dyspnea
benzodiazepines e.g. midazolam
pathophis of hypercalcemia of malignancy
excessive PTHrP from solid tumours -> increases bone resorption and calcium absorption in the kidneys
Moa of allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Prevents the conversion of purines into uric acid
palliative care nausea and vomiting management x 4 and MOA
cyclizine antimuscarinic
domperidone prokinetic
metaclopramide prokinetic
levomepromazine
Mx of respiratory secretions x 2 and difference
hyoscine hydrobromide (crosses the BBB so has a greater sedating and anti-emetic effect)
hyoscine butyl bromide (doesn’t cross the BBB)
Mx of breathlessness in palliative care
morphine
Mx of pain in palliative care
oxycodone (if can’t tolerate opioids)
morphine
fentanyl (if can’t tolerate opioids)
Mx of neuropathic pain 1st and 2nd line
- antidepressants and gabapentinoids
- ketamine
what antiemetic shouldn’t be used in Parkinson’s and what should be used instead
don’t use metaclopramide
use domperidone
glycopyrronium indication
noisy secretions at EOL
haloperidol indication
nausea vomiting agitation delirium
tumour marker for medullary thyroid cancer, where is it released from
calcitonin
released from C cells / parafollicular cells
tumour marker for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, where is it released from
thyroglobulin
released from thyroid follicular cells (epithelial cells)
where are most zollinger Ellison gastrinomas found?
head of pancreas or 1st/2nd part of duodenum
Meds for confusion and agitation in palliative care (1st 2nd 3rd line)
Oral haloperidol
Oral levomepromazine
Subcut midazolam
Female patient, bone mets are most likely to originate from where?
Breast
Male pt, bone mets are more likely to originate from?
Prostate
APC gene mutation
FAP
How do PET scans work
Radioactive glucose injected
Cancer cells are my more metabolically active
Increased uptake of glucose shows up on PET scan
MSH2 / MLH1 gene mutation
hereditary non polyposis colorectal carcinoma
TP53 gene mutation
li fraumeni syndrome
