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Emergency Med Flashcards

1
Q

sever limb pain, worse on extension.
very tender muscles
parasthesia

A

Compartment syndrome

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2
Q

Mx of compartment syndrome

A

urgent fasciotomy, analgesia, fluids

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3
Q

Type 1 Resp failure + Mx

A

hypoxia (can’t breathe in)
CPAP

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4
Q

Type 2 Resp failure + Mx

A

hypercapnia (can’t breathe out)
BiPAP

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5
Q

Antifreeze poisoning Mx

A
  1. fomepizole
  2. ethanol
  3. haemodialysis
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6
Q

Mx of acute exacerbation of COPD

A
  1. oxygen (blue venturi)
  2. nebulised salbutamol
  3. IV hydrocortisone
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7
Q

scoring for PE and interventions

A

Wells score to test the risk for DVT
>4 CTPA
<4 D Dimer result in 4 hrs

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8
Q

Mx of PE

A

DOAC (rivaroxaban)

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9
Q

Px of upper GI bleed

A

coffee ground vomit, black tarry stool

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10
Q

fluid resus, RBC transfusion and platelets in upper GI bleed

A

normal saline
RBC if Hb is <70
platelets if <50

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11
Q

Mx of oesophageal varices

A

terlipressin IV + ABs
endoscopy

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12
Q

narrow complex tachycardia Mx

A

vagal maneuvres
adenosine

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13
Q

broad complex tach Mx

A

amiodarone

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14
Q

torsades des pointes Mx

A

magnesium sulphate

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15
Q

indications for DC cardioversion

A

HISS
heart failure, ischaemia, shock, syncope

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16
Q

emergency Mx of angle closure glaucome

A

oral acetozolomide + timolol drops

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17
Q

emergency Mx of acute asthma

A

nebulised salbutamol
hydrocortisone IV or pred PO

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18
Q

life threatening asthma

A

33 92 CHEST
PEF <33%
Sats <92
Cyanosis
Hypotension
Exhaustion
Silent chest
Tachycardia

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19
Q

emergency Mx of acute COPD

A

nebulised salbutamol
hydrocortison IV or pred PO

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20
Q

presentation of pulmonary edema

A

extreme dyspnea, anxiety
signs of fluid overload: raised JVP, peripheral oedema, S3 gallop

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21
Q

Mx of pulmonary edema

A

furosemide IV

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22
Q

emergency Mx of addisonian crisis

A

IV hydrocortisone

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23
Q

emergency Mx of anaphylaxis

A

IM adrenaline

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24
Q

emergency Mx of aspirin overdose

A

sodium bicarb + KCL

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25
Q

emergency Mx of AF <48 hrs, no life-threatening signs

A

rate control (beta blocker / verapamil / diltiazem)

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26
Q

emergency mx of AF, life threatening

A

HISS (heart failure, ischaemia, shock, syncope)
immediate DC cardioversion

27
Q

Mx of AF >48 hrs

A

anticoagulation for 3 weeks, cardioversion

28
Q

Mx of Pul Embolism

A

anticoagulation (DOAC e.g. apixaban)
thrombolysis (alteplase) in massive PE

29
Q

Mx of status epilepticus

A
  1. Iv lorazepam / PR diazepam
  2. valproate
30
Q

regular SVT Mx

A
  1. vagal maneuvres
  2. adenosine IV
31
Q

asthmatic Pt with regular SVT

A

use verapamil instead of adenosine

32
Q

broad complex tachycardia MX

A

amiodarone

33
Q

Mx of bradycardia

A
  1. atropine
  2. transcutaneous pacing
34
Q

grey-turners sign

A

flank bruising
suggests retroperitoneal bleeding

35
Q

cullens sign

A

peri-umbilical bruising
suggests abdominal bleeding

36
Q

signs of transfusion reaction

A

pyrexia
tachycardia
SOB
loss of consciousness

37
Q

fluid resus for burns

A

follow the parkland formula
children: 3ml/kg/TBSA
adults: 4……..

give half for 8 hrs, remaining half for 16 hrs

38
Q

what would you see on ABG in an opiate overdose

A

hypercapnia
respiratory acidosis

39
Q

pinpoint pupils

A

opiate overdose

40
Q

what does a benzodiazepine overdose look like
Mx

A

reduced GCS
reduced RR
hypotension
bradycardia

supportive Mx

41
Q

beta blocker overdose Px
Mx

A

bradycardia
hypotension
syncope
arrythmia
drowsiness

Mx: bradycardia (atropine/isoprenaline); hypotension (glucagon)

42
Q

what acid base disturbance does ethylene glycol poisoning cause

A

metabolic acidosis

43
Q

presentation of paracetamol overdose

A

nausea, vomiting, pallor
jaundice, confusion, deranged LFTs

44
Q

what does a positive FAST scan show

A

intra abdominal bleeding

45
Q

where is the carina bifurcation

A

T4-5 intervertebral disc

46
Q

triple a screening

A

<3cm no more screening

3-4.5 = every year

4.5-5.5 = every 3 months

> 5.5 = surgery

47
Q

acute mountain sickness
cause and Px
Mx

A

light headed ness, infrequent dull headaches
stop ascent until they acclimatise

48
Q

what can acute mountains sickness develop into

A

high altitude cerebral oedema (HACE)
high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE)

49
Q

Px and MX of HACE

A

ataxia, confusion, progressive decline of mental function and consciousness

Mx: dexamethasone and hyperbaric treatment

50
Q

Px of HAPE

A

productive cough
dyspnea
hypoxaemia
tachycardia

51
Q

Digoxin overdose

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Visual disturbance (yellow halo)

52
Q

Amitriptyline overdose

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Seizures

53
Q

initial fluid resus for burns

A

hartmanns (or any crystalloid compared to colloid)

54
Q

first line for acute symptomatic SIADH

A

hypertonic saline 3%

55
Q

boaerhaave syndrome vs mallory weiss tear

A

boerhaave is the full oesophageal tear
MW is a laceration in the inner wall of the oesophagus
both after forceful vomiting

boerhaave: haemodynamic instability, subcutaneous emphysema, GI contents enter the thoracic cavity, sepsis

Mw: blood vomiting

56
Q

imaging for urethral injury in trauma

A

retrograde urethography

57
Q

which layers of the aorta are dilated in AAA rupture

A

all 3: intima, media, adventitia

58
Q

difference between rhythm in A fib and A flutter

A

A flutter is regular e.g. 2:1 whereas A fib is irregular

59
Q

2 episodes of vomiting: when is CT head

60
Q

normal anion gap values

61
Q

what do you see on ABG in aspirin overdose

A

mixed primary respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

62
Q

3 causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

A

diarrhoea
renal tubular acidosis
addisons disease

63
Q

3 causes of metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

A

lactate
urate
DKA

64
Q

Mx of organophosphate poisoning

AMK (30 decks)

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